1933 in response to a catastrophic event in the Southern Great Plains region know as the “Dust Bowl” or “Dirty Thirties”. In 1869‚ the railroad made its way to the Great Plains and became home to the many early settlers who took advantage of the “free soil” or land tracts offered by the government via the Homestead Act; a bill enacted in hopes to curb slave labor and increase the number of individual farmers who owned and operated their own farms. The settlers of this area met with many challenges.
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preparation of soil‚ sowing‚ adding manure and fertilizers‚ irrigation‚ protection from weeds‚ harvesting‚ and storage. In the step of adding manure and fertilizers‚ it will become soil pollution. As plant requires nutrients for its growth and development which are absorbed through soil. The nutrient supplying sources are manures and fertilizers. Application of manures and fertilizers to the soil is one of the important factors which help in increasing the crop yield and to maintain the soil fertility
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Trophic Categories: 1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Detritus feeders and decomposers Producers = organisms that capture energy from the sun or from chemical reactions to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter Organic Matter vs. Inorganic Matter -Matter that makes up the bodies of living things generally characterized by the presence of carbon and hydrogen bonds. Most producers are green plants. 1. Autotroph i. Chemosynthetic bacteria ii. Green plants iii. Algae 2. Heterotroph
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lower regions of the Himalayan Mountains‚ stretching from the west of Pakistan to the east of Namche Barwa (crossing six nations). There are many causes for the Himalayan foothills to become an erosional hotspot. One big contributor towards the soil degradation in the area are humans. People have been living in the Himalayas for thousands of years. As the years go by‚ people move around the area‚ destroying the natural flora of the land. Some of these lands might originally be rich in biodiversity
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throughout the year specially when the provided soil is rich in organic fertilizer and with good drainage. It could be harvested as they reached the desired size (Cultural Directions for Phil. Agricultural Crops‚ 2003). Sewage sludge is produced from the treatment of wastewater. It has generally been perceived by the public as a waste which has a little beneficial use and needs to be disposed of in landfills. It can be a source of nutrients for the soil. Using this material as a fertilizer can benefit
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Ground Improvement Factors affecting the selection of techniques Need for Soil Improvement Soft Clay Liquefaction and sinkhole formation Methods for Soil Improvement Ground Reinforcement • Stone Columns • Soil Nails • Micropiles • Jet Grouting • Ground Anchors • Geosynthetics • Fibers • Lime Columns • Vibro-Concrete Column • Mechanically Stabilized Earth • Biotechnical Ground Improvement Ground Treatment • Surface • Soil Cement Compaction • Lime Admixtures • Drainage/Surcharge • Flyash • Electro-osmosis
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Compaction Courtesy of U.S. WICK DRAIN‚ INC. 1 1. Soil Improvement 2 1 1.1 Methods for Soil Improvement Ground Reinforcement • • • • • • • • • • • Stone Columns Soil Nails Deep Soil Nailing Micropiles (Mini-piles) Jet Grouting Ground Anchors Geosynthetics Fiber Reinforcement Lime Columns Vibro-Concrete Column Mechanically Stabilized Earth • Biotechnical Ground Improvement • Deep Dynamic Compaction • Drainage/Surcharge • Electro-osmosis • Compaction grouting • Blasting • Surface
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Using Compost Composting upcycles organic kitchen ‚ yard and agro-industrial waste and manures into an extremely useful humus-like‚ soil end product‚ permitting the return of vital organic matter‚ nutrients‚ and particularly bacteria‚ that are vital to plant nutrition to the soil. Long used in subsistence farming and home gardening for creating garden-ready soil‚ composting is becoming increasingly important and better understood as a tool for reducing municipal and industrial solid waste‚ and
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Effects of Agriculture on the Environment Introduction: Agriculture has changed dramatically‚ especially since the end of World War II. Food and fibre productivity rose due to new technologies‚ mechanization‚ increased chemical use‚ specialization and government policies that favoured maximizing production. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the food and fibre. Humans‚ like all other species‚ exploit their surroundings for the resources they
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metalloids in high amounts in the soil. Some of the major sources of these pollutants are mining‚ smelting‚ mellaurgical industries‚ sewage sludge treatment‚ fertilizers‚ warfare and military training‚ electronic industries etc. (Padmavathiamma and Li 2007). There are several ways to remediate the soil chemically‚ physically‚ or biologically. However‚ chemical and physical treatments may seem to affect the soil properties heavily‚ affect biodiversity‚ make soil less fertile for plant growth and can
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