Kenneth R. Sagum May 7‚ 2013 FR1 NATSCI1 “Effects of Soil Erosion in the Philippines” The soil is among our most precious resources‚ yet we often take it for granted or destroy it by making it susceptible to soil erosion. In the Philippines‚ for example‚ 22 provinces had been reported to have "alarming" soil erosion rate. Among those that had been losing their topsoil were Cebu‚ Batangas‚ Marinduque‚ Ilocos Sur‚ and La Union. This means that 58 per cent of the country’s total
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SOIL NAILING INTRODUCTION: Since its development in Europe in the early 1970s‚ soil nailing has become a widely accepted method of providing temporary and permanent earth support‚ underpinning and slope stabilization on many civil projects in the United States. In the early years‚ soil nailing was typically performed only on projects where specialty geotechnical contractors offered it as an alternate to other‚ conventional systems. More recently‚ soil nailing has been specified as the
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Ohene Akuoko 10/24/12 Soil and Environment Classification of Soil based on Sedimentation Rates Introduction Soil is a naturally occurring substance covering the upper level of Earth’s Continental Crust which sits upon Earth’s highest layer of geological area the lithosphere. Soil is actually nothing more but the remnants of the Earth’s Mountains and the life that has lived on this planet through the natural process of erosion and time on Earth. A good soil is said to be composed of 5 % organic
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Soil Degradation The damaging process of soil particles being moved and cycled by water or wind is known as erosion. Soil erosion can occur anytime soil is bare or exposed and naturally removed by wind or water. This form of soil degradation is a natural process but it further elevated by human activity. Human disturbances of the soil allow for this process to happen more rapidly under natural conditions. According to the University of Michigan‚ whose geologist conducted a study‚ human actions
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Soil and Glaciers Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science‚ by Merali‚ Z.‚ and Skinner‚ B. J‚ 2009‚ Hoboken‚ NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Size grades of soil are named sand‚ silt‚ and clay‚ which includes colloids. Size grades are defined using the metric system. Use Figure 4.8 from the textbook to fill in the following chart. Specify the type and size and description of the particle. In some cases‚ particle size will be less than some value or greater
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Water and Soil Protection Soil Contamination: Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity‚ agricultural chemicals‚ or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons‚ polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo (a) pyrene)‚ solvents‚ pesticides‚ lead‚ and other heavy metals. Contamination
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Types of Soil & Their Uses Soil is a complex system of organic and inorganic matter that directly and indirectly supports plant and animal life. It is comprised of minerals‚ nutrients‚ water‚ microorganisms and decomposed living matter that provide the essential elements required to sustain growth. The soils of different geographical areas differ in chemical makeup‚ structure‚ pH value‚ texture and color. Soil makes the basis of the ecosystem and performs functions essential for the survival
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Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soil (Referenced Document: ASTM D 4318) OBJECTIVE: To determine the plastic limit and plasticity index of soil. APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES Evaporating dish Spatula Ground-glass plate—at least 30 cm (12 in.) square by 1 cm (3⁄8 in.) thick for mixing soil and rolling plastic limit threads Balance (with accuracy to 0.01 g) Containers Oven PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN Select a 20-g portion of soil from the material prepared for the liquid limit
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While the nature takes from 100 to 400 years to build one centimetre of top soil‚ man can and often does destroy it almost overnight by haphazard land use and improvident husbandry. Irrational methods of cultivation‚ deforestation‚ destruction of natural vegetation due to overgrazing by pasturing animals etc.‚ accelerate denudation. Besides‚ failure of rains‚ floods‚ depopulation and loss of cattle caused by famine and pestilence‚ disturbance caused by war and interference with or change
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extreme form of soft soil. It is an organic soil which consists more than 75% of organic matters. However‚ the cutoff value of the percentage of organic matter necessary to classify a superficial deposit or soil as peat varies throughout the world‚ usually depending on the purpose of classification. This cutoff value also serves to differentiate peat from superficial deposits or soils with lesser amounts of organic content. The terms peat and organic soils‚ used for describing soils with an organic content
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