P.E. Potter J. B. Maynard P. J. Depetris Mud and Mudstones Introduction and Overview With 261 Figures and 48 Tables !j~ Springer LIBRARY CONCORD UNtVERSITY ATHENS‚ WEST VIRGINIA ~ OS ~ Paul E. Potter University of Cincinnati Department of Geology Cincinnati 45221-0013 Ohio USA J. Barry Maynard University of Cincinnati Department of Geology Cincinnati 45221-0013 Ohio USA Pedro J. Depetris Centro de Investigaciones Geoquimicas y de Procesos de la Superficie (CIGeS)‚ FCEFyN
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of future generations to meet their needs. Soil erosion and desertification Soil erosion * The washing or blowing away of top soil. * There are three types: * Sheet erosion – occurs in parts with moderate rainfall * Gully erosion – occurs where there’s intense rainfall and little vegetation cover. Force of water cuts gullies in slopes :O! * Wind erosion – occurs in dry parts of world * What makes soil erosion worse? * Deforestation and removing
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versus environmental deterioration also has created a debate. Some economists argue that the on-site impact of soil erosion and other degradative processes are not severe enough to warrant implementing any action plan at a national or an international level. Land managers (farmers)‚ they argue‚ should take care of the restorative inputs needed to enhance productivity. Agronomists and soil scientists‚ on the other hand‚ argue that land is a non-renewable resource at a human time-scale and some adverse
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(Organic Fertilizer) Materials: #Spray Container #Two Containers labeled as “Plant A and Plant B” #Water #Mongo Seeds #Fruit Peelings #Basin #SOIL (Loam) #Strainer Procedure: -Gather all the fruit peelings. -In a round pot‚ combine all the peelings and pour water. -Let the water reach its boiling point until the peelings are soft and pale. -After boiling‚ slowly pour the extracted peelings into the strainer allowing
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discuss are: lack of fertile soil‚ uneven distribution of rain‚ poor transportation to market and poor attitude towards farming. Firstly‚ let’s take a look at the lack of fertile soil‚ which makes it difficult for farmers to produce a good crop. The Bahamas has no real soil profile. It is shallow‚ does not retain fertility or water‚ and is always thin‚ patchy or stony. This is a problem because the crops will not grow properly and the soil will be of no use to farmers. Our soil is infertile because it
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components is critical to understanding this frequent outcome. Drylands are characterized by water scarcity stemming from the conjunction of low water offer (i.e.‚ precipitation) and high water demand (i.e.‚ water lost to the atmosphere as water vapor from soil via evaporation and from plants through transpiration). Drylands ’ precipitation is highly variable through the year and occurs in infrequent‚ discrete‚ and largely unpredictable events. In turn‚ the high evaporative demand of the atmosphere‚ resulting
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Lichens are a symbiotic representation of mutualism involving a fungus and a cyanobacterium or alga. Within this mutualism‚ that is‚ a symbiosis in which both organisms benefit‚ there exists a photobiont‚ the cyanobacterium or alga‚ which contains chlorophyll and photosynthesizes‚ producing carbohydrates for use by the fungi and itself. Also‚ there is a mycobiont‚ the fungus‚ whose symbiotic roles include the provision of structure and anchorage‚ protection from dessication‚ as well as providing
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these trees. When too many trees are cut down‚ animals (which ones?) have no place to live‚ and water washes away the soil that would have been caught in the roots of the trees‚ then the soil contaminates the waters on your beaches‚ and the fish can’t live! That means you won’t catch as many fish when you go fishing! What do trees do? Trees are beautiful‚ provide shade‚ stop soil eroision‚ … Maybe we can include other science topics that realate to the environment that way our books can be useful
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SOIL POLLUTION & IT’S REMEDIES Environmental Science CONTENTS • What is Soil..? • What is soil pollution ? • How is it caused ? • Types of soil pollution . • What are the effects of soil pollution ? • How can we control soil pollution ? What is Soil..?? • Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth ’s rocky surface. • Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and mechanical processes that include weathering and erosion
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After decades of deforestation‚ which has left about 3% of the original cover‚ forests continue to be under threat from agriculture and urbanization ‚‚illegal‚ logging ‚and‚ forest ‚fires. Sustained forest loss in the Philippines is causing severe soil erosion‚ and is threatening the country’s rich biodiversity. This is particularly worrying as many of the Philippines’
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