General • The Rational Formula is one of the most frequently used urban hydrology methods in Malaysia. It gives satisfactory results for small catchments only • The formula is: C . y It . A Qy = 360 where‚ Qy = y year ARI peak flow (m3/s) C= dimensionless runoff coefficient yI t = y year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration‚ tc ‚ (mm/hr) A= drainage area (ha) Or Q=CiA i = average rainfall intensity (in/hr)equals to tc A = catchment area
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vegetables grown in its fertile soil. The Valley is 250 miles long and bordered on the west by the coastal mountain ranges. Even though a lot of the valley is rural there are a lot of urban cities here in the valley. I want to tell you about the five different biotic communities in the valley‚ how they’re made up‚the quality of our air and what we as people can to due to save water. The valley grasslands main abiotic factor come from the climate and the parental material and soil. The climate can
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problem that most farmers face today is the lack of Farming in knowledge the general public has about modern procedures. Modern farming procedures have less impact on the environment than methods widely used early in the 20th century. Soil erosion inhibitors‚ soil carbon monitoring‚ and water conservation and collection have all improved over time. Second: They looked down upon by locals costs of product (seeds fertilizer etc.) weather‚ availability of water‚ cost of equipment-purchase repair maintain
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Australian soil. The phosphorus is responsible for the development of the plants‚ providing healthy growth and strong roots. Nitrogen furnishes a major component of chlorophyll where it’s known for its ability to grow green leaves. Potassium provides a measure of disease resistance to plants and protection from the cold. (7) Farmers use these nutrients enrich the plants ability to grow and perform its various functions to produce crops. However‚ these compounds are not always found in the soil because
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Intertidal wetlands though are resilient to this stress through adaptations and as well as induced human strain through modern knowledge and conservation programs. Mangroves normally grow in the inter-tidal areas‚ with loose‚ soft sedimentary soil along the coast. The soil has an unstable substratum‚ a rather high salinity level and lacks breathability for oxygen intake. Living in such an adverse condition‚ mangroves have their unique ways to adapt and grow. In order to become resilient towards natural
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Keywords: Vibro methods‚ Deep Soil Mixing‚ Grouting techniques‚ applications in infrastructure projects ABSTRACT: Ground improvement techniques utilising Vibro methods‚ Deep Soil Mixing and Grouting technologies are finding increasing application in Malaysia to solve a broad spectrum of geotechnical problems. This paper will describe recent applications in Malaysia for four separate projects – Jet Grouting to form stable cutter-head interventions for a tunnel project; Deep Soil Mixing to support deep
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moisture can occur when water seeps through foundation cracks. What are some of the causes of foundation cracks? Some common causes include poorly compacted soil‚ soil erosion‚ hydrostatice pressure‚ and plumbing issues. When the weather fluctuates between periods of wet and dry weather‚ the soil will shrink and expand. This will cause the soil to move and shift under the foundation‚ creating voids‚ or holes‚ beneath it. Eventually‚ the foundation will start to sink and settle into these voids‚ leading
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Deforestation: Deforestation causes frequent floods. Every year about 30 million people and 10 million hectares are affected and the property lost may run into thousands of corers of rupees. The annual loss of top soil is estimated 6000 million tonnes; its value in terms of money is enormous. Soil erosion also causes siltation of lakes and rivers. Felling of trees and destruction of forests cause imbalance in forests ecosystem. That reflects in the loss of varieties of flora and fauna. Forest loss is
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colour change‚ fertility‚ and erosion. It is caused by waste in the form of liquid or solid. Introduction to Land Pollution The presence of chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment Results in a change of the soil quality Affects the normal use of the soil Endangering public health and the living environment Causes of LAND POLLUTION 1. By poor agricultural practices Excessive use of fertilizers & pesticides. Farmers use fertilizers
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Environmental Issues Hydrosphere http://www.ec.gc.ca/water/e_main.html : This website talks about water and its preservation. It tells about the importance of water in our daily life. The purpose of this website is to make Canadians aware about the fresh water available in Canada and to guide them to preserve it. This website tells almost everything about water present in Canada such as nature of water‚ water policy legislation‚ the water management‚ and the water culture. This website tells us
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