their language (Arabic). When the Muslims settled in Iberia‚ they called these lands Al-Andalus. And they quickly built some important cities like Cordoba‚ Sevilla‚ Granada or Toledo. The Umayyad family took over the power and established their Caliphate in Cordoba‚ which became the most important city at that time. This having half a million inhabitants‚ around 113‚000 houses‚ 700 mosques and 300 public baths that spread throughout the city. Thanks to one important man called Abd al-
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Abbasid Caliphate Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258‚ eventually becoming little more than figureheads Al-Andalus Arabic name for Spain (literally "land of the Vandals")‚ most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early 8th century C.E. Anatolia Ancient name of Asia Minor‚ part of Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that’s now the Republic of Turkey Battle of Talas River Arab victory over the Chinese in
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HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA Overview The history of West Africa is the long history of human movements‚ incursions‚ displacements‚ intermixtures of peoples‚ and of the impact of these on the beliefs‚ attitudes‚ social and political organization to the peoples West Africa. The history of West Africa can be divided into three major periods: first‚ its prehistory‚ second‚ colonial period‚ in which Great Britain and France controlled nearly the whole of the region and the post-independence era‚ in
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dominant class or clique Polytheism The belief in many gods or more than one god Infallible Absolutely trustworthy (free from error) Umma Islamic community; refers to the worldwide Muslim community Usury Lending money for interest Caliphate The succession to the sovereignty of the Islamic community Sunni Those Muslims who follow the tradition (sunna) of the Prophet without acknowledging and political privilege to the descendants of ‘Ali’ or any other companion Shi’i those Muslims
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Iqbal‚ Sir Muhammad‚ philosopher‚ poet‚ and political leader‚ was born in 1873 at Sialkot.Iqbal did not live to see the creation of an independent Pakistan in 1947‚ he is nevertheless regarded as the symbolic father of that nation. Indian Muslim poet‚ philosopher‚ and political leader. He studied at Government College‚ Lahore‚ Cambridge‚ and the Univ. of Munich‚ and then he taught philosophy at Government College and practiced law. He was elected (1927) to the Punjab provincial legislature and
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Conflict Analysis: Sunni and Shiite The conflict between the Sunni and the Shiites dates all the way back to the seventh century. These two groups are both Islamic but were split in two after the prophet Muhammad died. He passed leadership onto his close companion‚ Abu Bakr. However‚ many opposed this rule of Bakr. Numerous people believed that Ali ibn Abu Talib should be next in line; he was Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. Followers of Abu became the Sunnis‚ and followers of Ali became the
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ROOTS OF IRANIAN REVOLUTION at 1979 Nail KAYAPINAR The objective of this paper is realize the main reasons of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 and see what is changed by revolution. In 1979‚ a drastic change has been occurred in Iran. It was a revolution in the true sense of the concept for its lust for justice‚ liberty and equality. It was also a popular uprising against imperialism of which all revolutions had the same stand. But it has also many novelties not to the theory‚ but for the
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alamwal (record-keeping of money). The Prophet Muhammad. has educated specifically some companions to handle accountant as hafazhatul amwall financial watchdog. The Death Of The Prophet Muhammad. (Zaid‚ 2000 and Hawari‚ 1988)‚ followed by the Rashidun Caliphate by the accounting Act applied to individual members‚ the Alliance (syarikah) or the company‚ accounting for endowments‚ the rights of the prohibition of the use of treasure (15)‚ and the State budget. At the time of Umar the Islamic Government until
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built around one central courtyard‚ make this particular mosque distinctly Moorish. The Moors’ architectural style also permeated Spanish culture in Andalusia. In 711 A.D. the Moors defeated the Visigoths and conquered Andalusia. During their caliphate‚ the Moors succeeded in coalesce with the Spanish culture. Although the Islamic Moors tolerated Christians and Jews‚ they erected many huge mosques (Moorish Portugal). An exemplar would be The Great Mosque of Cordoba. The mosque features many examples
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people migrated out of the land of Yemen to North Africa and the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula following the destruction of the Ma’rib Dam (sadd Ma’rib). In the 7th century‚ Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area. After the caliphate broke up‚ the former North Yemen came under the control of imams of various dynasties‚ usually of the Zaidi sect‚ who established a theocratic Zaidi political structure that survived until modern times. This reflected on the people of Yemen with
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