Oxidation of an Alcohol: Oxidizing Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize methoxybenzyl alcohol to methoxybenzaldehyde‚ using sodium hypochlorite as the oxidizing agent and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as the phase-transfer catalyst. Monitor the progress of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. BACKGROUND REQUIRED You should be familiar with extraction‚ evaporation‚ and thin-layer chromatography techniques
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U.S. Corporate Taxes and Reform The current U.S. corporate income tax system has many flaws and with the correct changes the United States budget deficit could transform into a surplus. There are two clear flaws in the current corporate income tax policy. The first is the high tax rate corporations pay in the U.S.; taxes on corporate income are currently at 35%. This burden causes businesses to avoid operating here and the cost is thousands of domestic employment opportunities. The next
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1. In the first group of four reactions‚ Iron phosphate and calcium phosphate are the two products that are insoluble in water. In the three of the four reactions a cloudy white or yellow formed. This indicated the formation of a precipitate‚ caused by the generally insoluble phosphate anion. Potassium chloride‚ Iron nitrate‚ and potassium sulfate where the products which were soluble in water. With these products there was no evidence of a precipitate forming. 2. Based on the results from reactions
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INVESTIGATE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SOLUBILITY OF SALTS Research question How does temperature affect the dissolving time of various salts.? Hypothesis I predict that with water of high temperature the salts will dissolve quicker. Controlled Variable Amount of water (solvent) Amount of salt used (solute) Type of cups taken and their sizes Independent variable Temperature of water Dependent variable Time taken for each salt to dissolve Material Required Measuring
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Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Test The Methyl Red test shows which bacteria are creating stable acids through mixed acid fermentation of glucose. This helps to identify enteric bacteria by examining how they metabolise glucose. Every enteric bacteria first produces pyruvic acid from metabolism of glucose. A methyl red positive enteric bacteria‚ uses the mixed acid pathway when breaking down pyruvic acid to different acids‚ like lactic‚ acetic‚ and formic acids. The Voges-Proskauer test determines
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Performed: September 9 ‚2011 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE ACID DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF METHYL RED M.C. Caligagan ‚M.N.Q. Tolentino and M.Q. Clores Institute of Chemistry‚ College of Science University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City‚ Philippines Received :September 21‚2011 ABSTRACT This experiment aims to determine the acid dissociation constant value of Methyl Red by means of spectrophotometry. Ten samples were spectrophotometrically analyzed under a UV-Vis spectrophotometer
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Introduction The acid used speeds up the dehydration of the alcohols. This is an elimination reaction. Water is eliminated from the reaction and the products formed are alkenes. The reaction follows Zaitsev’s rule because it is an elimination reaction. Zaitsev’s rule says that the double bond that is more highly substituted or more stable will be dominant in the products. In the experiment the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place. 2 methyl-cyclohexanol has a very poor
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Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols C O O H H sp3 alcohol pKa~ 16-18 phenol (aromatic alcohol) pKa~ 10 Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a saturated carbon (sp3) Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon of a benzene ring O H C C H C C O chemistry dominated by the keto form 76 enol keto H O H R O H R O R R O O R’ water alcohol R S H ether R S R peroxide R S S R’ thiols thioether disulfides
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DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) of Ca(OH)2 as well as to evaluate the effects of common and non-common ions on its solubility. Ca(OH)2 solids were dissolved in eight various media: distilled water‚ 1.0 M KCl‚ 0.5 M KCl‚ 0.1 M KCl‚ 0.05 M KCl‚ 0.005 M KCl‚ 0.001 M KCl‚ and 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2. The concentration of dissociated OH- concentrations was determined by means of titrimetric
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IB Chemistry Lab Report Design Example— Effect of Temperature on Solubility of Potassium Chloride in Water Research question How does temperature affect the solubility of potassium chloride in water? Hypothesis As the temperature of water increases‚ the particles of solid Potassium chloride‚ KCl‚ which are absorbing energy from its surrounding‚ start moving more easily between the solution and its solid state because. According to the second law of thermodynamics‚ the particles will
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