Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization‚ extraction‚ and chromatography.
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Solubility Product Determination Purpose • To determine the solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ of an ionic compound. Introduction The solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ is a particular type of equilibrium constant. The equilibrium is formed when an ionic solid dissolves in water to form a saturated solution. The equilibrium exists between the aqueous ions and the undissolved solid. A saturated solution contains the maximum concentration of ions of the substance that can dissolve at
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Measuring the Solubility Product of Ca(OH)2 Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to find the solubility product (Ksp) of Ca(OH)2 by titrating the hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide and using their entities to find the concentration of Ca2+ and OH- ions. Materials: Refer to lab sheet “Measuring the Solubility of Ca(OH)2” (handout) Method (Procedure): Refer to lab sheet “Measuring the Solubility of Ca(OH)2” (handout) Observations Trial 1 Trial 2 Initial burette reading 0mL 17.75mL
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Lab – Solubility Curve for Potassium Nitrate I. Purpose: To plot a solubility curve for potassium nitrate in aqueous solution. II. Safety: Wear eye protection throughout the experiment. Be cautious of hot water. Wash hands if you come into contact with potassium nitrate. III. Procedure: 1. Carefully weigh out your assigned mass of potassium nitrate on a piece of weigh paper. Carefully pour the sample into the large test tube. 2. Add 20. mL of distilled water to the tube.
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affecting solubility 1. Effect of Temperature For some substances to dissolve in a given solvent‚ heat is absorbed. The reaction is endothermic. In this case‚ an increase in temperature increases solubility. For some substances‚ heat is released when they dissolve in a given solvent. The reaction is called exothermic. In this case‚ an increase in temperature decreases solubility. Generally‚ an increase in temperature in the solubility of solids in liquids increases solubility. But for solubility of gas
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Solubility as a Property of Matter A Lab of Chemicals‚ Chromatography‚ and Crime! Chemistry is a natural science that deals with the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. At crime scenes‚ investigators often find unknown materials that need to be identified. If an unknown material is a mixture‚ an investigator may want to know one or two things about it: What are the ingredients of the mixture? Is the mixture found at the scene the same as a known mixture? A mixture is a collection
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solution that contains more dissolved substance than a saturated solution does. This occurs when a solution is prepared at a higher temperature and is then slowly cooled. This is a very unstable situation‚ so any disturbance causes precipitation. Solubility can be understood in terms of two factors: The natural tendency toward disorder favors dissolving. The relative forces between and within species must be considered. Stronger forces within solute species oppose dissolving. Stronger forces
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Megan Ly Chemistry 231L February 20‚ 2013 SOLUBILITY Purpose: To better comprehend solubility behavior by investigating the solubility of various substances in different solvents‚ looking at miscible and immiscible pairs of liquids‚ and observing the solubility of organic acids and bases. Reference: Pavia
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general‚ solubility rules can be used to predict the outcome of double replacement reactions. I have come to this decision‚ because almost all of the data recorded from the lab‚ with the exception of number 13‚ agreed with the predictions made beforehand. 2. Out of the 15 combinations‚ the observations made for the combination of number 13 (the reaction of lead (II) nitrate and barium chloride)‚ did not agree with what was predicted‚ based on the solubility rules. The solubility rules that
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The Solubility of Potassium Nitrate Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out by how much the solubility of potassium nitrate into distilled water increases when the solution is heated‚ and if yes‚ by how much. Hypothesis: According to data on the internet‚ 3.75 × 10¹ moles of potassium nitrate dissolve in 100g of water. I believe this information may be correct. I also believe that as the solute is absorbing outside heat‚ the energy is increased causing it to dissolve both faster‚ with
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