and exit Short Run Firm has some market power and faces downward sloping demand curve Price exceeds marginal cost When P>AC firms earn positive economic profits Long Run Positive economic profits in short run attracts new firms Firm’s market share falls and demand curve shifts down P=AC firms earn 0 economic profit P>MC and 0 economic profits deadweight loss Market in which only a few firms compete with one another‚ and entry by new firms is impeded Oligopoly Environment Few
Premium Supply and demand Economics Inverse demand function
(Prof. Alfred Marshall) We can define Nat ional Income as t he collective achievement of a nat ion. In t his way‚ t he Nat ional Income is t he aggregat e of t he individual incomes. (Prof. Gardner Ackley) Nat ional Income is t he basic concept of economic‚ which refers t o t he market value of t he goods and services produced during a part icular year. (Prof. Richard Lipsy) CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL INCOme ----1.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUct Total value of output (goods and services) produced by the factors
Premium Macroeconomics Economics Keynesian economics
Fundamental Economic Concepts: Introduction CHAPTER 1: 1. Risk is best thought of as a. the chance that the actual return will be zero or negative b. the chance that the actual return will differ from the expected return c. the chance that the expected return will be lower than what investors demand d. the chance that the expected return will be incorrectly estimated 2. Which of the following is INCORRECT about risk-averse investors? a. They always try to minimize their risk regardless
Premium Mutual fund Stock market
Business Economics MBA LIMITS‚ CHOICES AND SCARCITY ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 2-1 Explain this statement: “If resources were unlimited and freely available‚ there would be no subject called economics.” If resources were unlimited and freely available‚ making choices would not be necessary. Every person could have as much as they wanted of any good or service. Economics‚ the science of choice‚ would be unnecessary. 2-2 Comment on the following statement from a newspaper
Premium Supply and demand
transaction cost economics. Some organizations struggle whether or not to outsource the IT division. The company has two choices for any economic activity: going outside to market or perform the activities in-house. In any case‚ the cost of the activity is divided into production costs‚ and transaction costs. Production costs in the case of the in-house division‚ includes hardware and software‚ whereas the transaction cost‚ which are the activities related to implementing the economic activity includes
Premium Economics Cost Microeconomics
1) Discuss the owner-manager conflict within the firm. Provide two real world manifestations of the conflict. Owner-manager conflicts finds it basis on the self-interested behaviors of managers‚ owners and shareholders. Firm managers may have personal goals that conflict with the owner’s goals of maximizing shareholder wealth. Potential conflicts occur when managers seek to maximize their own utility at the expense of the firm’s shareholders. Conflict between owners and managers typically arise
Premium Game theory Nash equilibrium
Introduction Kenya ’s earliest telecommunications connections to the outside world were the submarine cables linking Zanzibar‚ Mombasa‚ and Dar es Salaam laid by the Eastern & South African Telegraph Company in 1888. Internally‚ the construction of a telegraph net work began with a 200-mile coastal line linking the port city of Mombasa with Lamu. Extension into the interior of the country began in 1896 in conjunction with the building of the railway system‚ forming a dual "backbone" for Kenya ’s communications
Premium Mobile phone Telephone company Mobile network operator
FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN ECONOMICS By: Ravisha Sodha INTRODUCTION: Field experiments occupy an important middle ground between laboratory experiments and naturally occurring field data. The underlying idea behind most field experiments is to make use of randomization in an environment that captures important characteristics of the real world. Distinct from traditional empirical economics‚ field experiments provide an advantage by permitting the researcher to create exogenous variation in the variables
Premium Experiment Empiricism Economics
Problem 6-36 1. Machine supplies: $102‚000 / 34‚000 DLH = $3/hr January: 23‚000 DLH x $3 = $69‚000 Depreciation: Fixed at $15‚000 2. Plant maintenance cost: | March | January | | (34‚000 hrs) | (23‚000hrs) | Total cost*Less: Machine Supplies DepreciationPlant maintenance | $ 586‚000(102‚000) (15‚000)$ 469‚000 | $ 454‚000(69‚000) (15‚000)$ 370‚000 | *Excludes supervisory labor cost Variable maintenance cost
Premium Costs Variable cost Cost
are $66‚500. d. Tyler says his costs are $75‚000‚ and Greg says his costs are $41‚500. 2.) Suppose that a firm has only one variable input‚ labor‚ and firm output is zero when labor is zero. When the firm hires 6 workers it produces 90 units of output. Fixed cost of production are $6 and the variable cost per unit of labor is $10. The marginal product of the seventh unit of labor is 4. Given this information‚ what is the total cost of production when the firm hires 7 workers? a. $66 b. $76 c. $906
Premium Costs Perfect competition Economics