chemicals that give it strength‚ flexibility‚ and resistance to chipping and peeling. WHAT IS IT MADE OF? 1. First‚ solvents are used to mix together all the ingredients in a nail polish to yield a uniform liquid product. a. The type and amount of solvent determines how thick a polish is and how long it takes to dry b. Most Common solvent- ethyl acetate. c. Ill talk more about what the solvent does in a few slides. d. See pic 2. Another ingredient are resins- a polymer material that holds the polish
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SOLVENT EXTRACTION Solvent extraction‚ also known as liquid extraction and partitioning‚ is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubility in two different immiscible liquid‚ usually water and organic solvent. It is an extraction from one liquid phase to another liquid phrase. Liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories‚ where it is performed using a separator funnel. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up
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Recrystallization is the primary method for purifying solid organic compounds through the differences in solubility at different temperatures. In this experiment‚ a suitable solvent was first determined. Acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heating water bath. The hot solution was filtered and the filtrate‚ cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals started forming out. As the compound crystallizes from the solution
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SYNTHETIC EXPLOITATION OF ENZYMES: BIOCATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS: FUNDAMENTALS ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 1. Enzymes catalyze a broad spectrum of reactions with high turnover numbers. Rate enhancements approach 1012 fold. 2. Enzymes may accept a wide range of substrates. 3. Enzymes are highly regio and stereoselective. 4. Enzyme reactions take place under mild conditions; this minimizes problems of isomerization and racemization. 5. Enzymatic processes are less hazardous and polluting
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Water as a Universal Solvent * Because of its high polarity‚ water is able to dissolve most substances. * In a solution‚ the positive hydrogen side of water is attracted to the negative parts if the compound it is dissolving while the negative oxygen is attracted to the positive parts * “Like dissolves like” – describes whether one substance will dissolve in another. Water for example can’t dissolve nonpolar substances Concentrations on Solutions * Solvent: The liquid in which
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Extraction is a method used for separating and isolating materials. A compound is pulled from solvent A to solvent B and in this case‚ both solvents are miscible. These two concepts are not capable of mixing together; when they are mixed together‚ they form a bilayer. This can be seen when mixing oil and water together. When thinking of extractions‚ one can picture how coffee gets extracted. The flavors‚ molecules‚ caffeine‚ etc. are extracted from the coffee beans. In this experiment‚ a solution
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Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Laboratory RECRYSTALLIZATION OF ACETANILIDE USING WATER AS SOLVENT Lagarteja‚ M.C.B.; Lim‚ H.G.N.; Lizo‚ K.J.R.; *Macalino‚ M.D.L.; Macapala‚ C. 2D-Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas Abstract Recrystallization is a technique used to purify organic solids. This method involves dissolving of a solute in a solvent and inciting the solute to produce a precipitate from a solution. In this experiment‚ acetic anhydride was added
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Residual solvents Identification and control of the residual solvents (USP 32(467)‚ page 181 Determination by gas chromatography with mass detector and headspace sampler Conditions of the chromatograph Agilent 7890A (LCTG CGMS): * Column DB-624 30m 0.25 mm 1.4µ (CG-2) * Injector temperatura: 160ºC * Flux: 1.0 ml/min * Split: 5:1 * Carrier gas: Helium * Time per test: 30.6 min Conditions of the detector 5975C inert MSD * Data adquisition mode: Scan/SIM * Mass:
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Title: Prep of t-Butyl Chloride via SN1 Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize tert-butyl chloride via an SN1 reaction. t-Butyl Chloride was synthesized from t-Butyl Alcohol using hydrochloric acid in separatory funnel; isolation of t-Butyl Chloride was done under distillation conditions. The experiment resulted in 8.29grams of purified compound‚ which is a 66.27 percent yield. Procedure: As per handout with changes Equation: Mechanism: Results: (Scan
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different solvents Practical conducted on 5 March‚ 2013 Reported by Pham Vu Hung on 10 March‚ 2013 Introduction: This practical is meant to measure the rate of reaction of the hydrolysis of tertiary-butyl chloride –a colorless‚ liquid organic compound at room temperature that is sparingly soluble in water - in water/acetone and water/isopropanol mixtures. Since there are many influencing factors for the rate of reaction‚ all are kept constant but the intended variable: the solvents. If the
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