CHEM 2204 Chromatography Lab by wyk.wong » Fri Jul 11‚ 2014 10:25 am Results and Calculations Rf values Rf=(Distance moved by the spot (cm))/(Distance moved by the solvent front (cm)) Toluene: Rf=2 cm/3.8 cm=0.53 (Fluorenone) Rf=1.1 cm/3.8 cm=0.29 (Fluorene) Hexane: Rf=1.8 cm/2.2 cm=0.82 (Fluorene) Rf=0 cm/2.2 cm=0 (Fluorene Table 1: Experimental IR peaks compared to literature IR peaks for fluorenone Functional group Experimental peak (cm-1) Literature peak (cm-1) C-H 3010.5 3013
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ABSTRACT The study aims to produce biodegradable plastic using cassava starch as its main component. Cassava starch was mixed with water‚ epoxydized soya bean oil (ESBO)‚ glycerol‚ and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The mixture was then compressed and tested. Three preparations were made from the mixture. The first preparation contained 50 grams starch‚ 50 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2.5 grams ESBO‚ and 2.5 grams glycerol. The second preparation contained 65 grams starch‚ 65 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2
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The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with some properties of water and solutions and distinguish between such terms as diffusion‚ dialysis and osmosis. In this experiment‚ we will be going over water residue‚ water of hydration‚ solutions and dialysis. For Water Residue section‚ place about 1 mL of tap water on a clean watch glass and gently heat it until water has evaporated. Record if there is any residue and repeat this procedure using deionized water. Next‚ for Water of Hydration
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School of Chemistry University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Chemistry 220 Organic Chemistry 2012 LABORATORY MANUAL It is a legal requirement that are worn in this room at all times. Sunglasses (normal or prescription) are NOT to be worn as a substitute for safety glasses. Prescription glasses (except sunglasses) are acceptable PROVIDED THEY COVER THE EYES COMPLETELY. Some types of contact lens should not be worn in the laboratory. Check with your lens supplier. All shoes MUST be
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Nucleophilic Substitution Samantha Gutierrez Nucleophilic Substitution Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to investigate how different factors affect the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions. SN2 reactions proceed via a one step mechanism in which the incoming nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon center from the opposite side of the leaving group. This reaction mechanism implies that the stereochemistry of a chiral center will be inverted. SN1 reactions proceed via two steps‚ slow
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substances‚ while non-polar substances only mix with other non-polar substances. This concept can be used to predict if a substance will be soluble in a specific solvent. The concepts of solubility and conductivity of a substance were studied as well in this experiment helping us understand how the various molecules and its ions react in solvents. An example of this process is when calcium chloride dissolved in water. The polar water molecules attracted the oppositely charged Ca2+ and Cl- ions as calcium
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Define the following terms: a. aqueous solution- a solution in water b. colloid mixture of large molecules that will not settle or join with the other substance it is in c. concentration ratio of mass or volume of solute to mass or volume of solvent d. heterogeneous a mixture is made up by two or more different substance which are (mixed) together but are not combined e. homogenous mixture mixture that is uniform throughout f. Henry’s Law An expression for calculating the solubility of
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CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBON EXPERIMENT 16 OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to distinguish the difference between various types of hydrocarbons by performing simple tests and reactions involving hydrocarbons. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS Pentene Toluene Heptane Potassium permanganate (1% KMnO4) Aluminum chloride (anhydrous AlCl3) Chloroform (CHCl3) Ligroin Br2 in CCl4 (5%) Stopper pH paper Small test tubes and rack Graduated cylinder (10 ml) Evaporating dish DISCUSSION
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was conducted by the researchers to determine the solvent wherein the tannins can be best dissolved using Distilled water‚ Alcohol‚ Ether and Acetone. Table 3 Results of Solubility test Distilled water Soluble Alcohol Insoluble Ether Insoluble Acetone Insoluble The table 3 shows the result of solubility test conducted using Otaheitte Gooseberry leaves. Tannins are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol‚ ether and acetone (organic solvents). 2.3 Melting Point 3. Chemical Properties of
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RX+AgNO3+EtOHROEt+AgX+HNO3 We used three substrates primary secondary and tertiary compounds are 1-bromobutane‚ 2-bromobutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane respectively to react with the two nucleophiles that are sodium iodide with acetone solvent and silver nitrate with ethanol solvent. Based on lab analysis and the reaction mechanism we can predict the reactivities of the substrates with the reagents and test the products STRUCTURES: In the substitution mechanism there are two basic kinds of reaction SN1
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