EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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equal amounts needs to be separated to its separate components. An understanding of solubility‚ extraction‚ crystallization and vacuum filtration is necessary in order to successfully carry out the separation. Solubility consists of a solute and a solvent. Elements that dissolve are “soluble” and elements that don’t dissolve are “insoluble”. If the components are two liquids‚ the terms “soluble” and “insoluble” are replaced with “miscible” and “immiscible”. The main guidelines in determining solubility
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how different types of solvent will affect the retention factor in paper chromatography. Hypothesis I think that there will be a high RF value in paper chromatography‚ if we use water solvent because a solvent that has a strong interaction with a chemical will easily over come attraction from the chemical for the absorbent layer and move that chemical in a given period of time. Materials Food Coloring (solute) Ethanol‚ Acetone‚ Tap Water‚ Distilled Water(solvents) Pencil Ruler Scissors
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experiment is to use solvent extraction methods to separate a mixture containing a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound. Once recovered‚ the solids were purified by recrystallization and examined by thin-layer chromatography‚ and their identities were derived by melting point and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Extraction is a procedure that selectively dissolves one or more of the mixture compounds into a proper solvent. Extraction refers to the moving of compounds from one liquid solvent to another liquid
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increases the speed of filtration. The crisscrossing of the folds help alleviate the pressure to make the flow of filtration faster. The surface are of the filter paper also increases thus more solvent seeps and enter the flask. Fluted filter paper is also used in filtration that needs the solute instead of the solvent. In order to get the recrystallized benzoic acid‚ fluted filter paper was needed to be used. The small piece of wire attached between the funnel and the mouth of the flask was there to
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different solvents. Solubility is what determines if a substance will dissolve in a certain solvent. The ionic solutes will dissolve into the polar solvents and the covalent solutes will dissolve into the non-polar solvents because the molecules of the solvents have a stronger force that will break apart the solute and dissolve it into the solvent. Procedure Small amount of the solutes‚ roughly one scoop from the scoopula‚ were placed into clean test tubes. 2-3 pipettes of the solvent were placed
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CHM130 Lab 9 Chromatography Name: Karlee Rose A. Data Table (12 points) Paper # Color Source Solvent Distance Component Moves Distance Solvent Moves Rf value 1 Yellow M&M Candies 0.1% Salt Solution 28.88mm 42mm 0.69 2 Yellow Reese’s Pieces 0.1% Salt Solution 16.95mm 32mm 0.53 3 Purple Grape Soda 0.1% Salt Solution 32.15mm 51mm 0.63 4 Purple Grape Koolaid 0.1% Salt Solution 12.12mm 31mm 0.39 5 Red Easter Egg Dye 0.1% Salt Solution 1.18mm 7mm 0.17 6 Red Dry Erase Marker
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concept of purification through crystallization. Crystallization is the process of purifying a substance‚ with the most adequate solvent. The process of crystallization came to be based on the principle of solubility. First‚ we must choose a solvent. The solvent is crucial to crystallization because it’s what will allow impurities to dissolve. Therefore‚ when selecting a solvent it is important that it does not cause a chemical or flammable reaction to the substance. Then‚ we continue with the process
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mixtures of compounds‚ taking advantage of the affinity differences of compounds to separate them (Padias 128-37). This technique recognizes the principle that “like dissolves in like‚” that is‚ polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents. Through extension of this principle‚ one can use extraction to separate compounds of a mixture. There are three different methods of extraction; solid-liquid extraction‚ liquid-liquid extraction‚ and chemically active extraction
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EXPERIMENT 5 SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE INTO ITS COMPONENTS BY FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION Introduction: Fractional crystallization is one of the experimental techniques used to separate or purify mixture. Fractional crystallization makes use of the differences of solubility to separate the components of a mixture. Goals: Applying fractional crystallization to separate a mixture of salicylic acid and copper sulfate pentahydrate into its components. Calculate the percent of salicylic
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