References: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html http://www.12manage.com/methods_centralization_decentralization.html http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy200.html
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were experienced under the Article of Confederation. A decentralized government means that the states holds the power of governing the people as opposed to a centralized government‚ where the national government will rule all the states. The tension between decentralized and centralized power still exists. Some problems of decentralized power that existed under the Article of Confederation were tax‚ leadership‚ and law. Being a decentralized power did not give the national government direct authority
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1. Does this description of Thor Industries sound more like a functional‚ product‚ geographic‚ or customer structure‚ or some combination of these? Explain. Is Thor Industries highly centralized or decentralized? Explain. Thor industry is a combination of these. Functional structure is group of personal and other resources according to the type of they carry out. Geographic structure is the organization departmentalized according the location of
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Carl Anderson and John J. Bartholdi‚ III (2000). Centralized versus decentralized control in manufacturing: lessons from social insects. Pages 92–105 in “Complexity and Complex Systems in Industry‚” Proceedings‚ University of Warwick‚ 19th–20th September 2000‚ (McCarthy‚ I. P. and Rakotobe-Joel‚ T.‚ Eds.). The University of Warwick‚ U.K. 652 pp. [ISBN 0 902683 50 0] Centralized versus decentralized control in manufacturing: lessons from social insects Carl Anderson† and John J. Bartholdi‚ III
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name a few‚ deemed it necessary construct and instill a government that would protect the individual rights of American citizens while avoiding a tyrannical government from taking charge of the nation. The first attempt of government‚ lead to a decentralized government brought in place by the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation called for states being sovereign and independent because of the fear of a central government. The issue the opposition
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3.2 DECENTRALISED PLANNING India is rightly regarded as the land of villages. In a country where 72.22% of the population (2001 Census) lives in 5‚80‚781 villages‚ the importance of rural local government popularly known as Panchayati Raj in India‚ is self-evident. Indeed‚ the idea of rural local government is part of a larger concern for social & economic amelioration of the people‚ a task to which the country is irrevocably committed. The Panchayats have been among the oldest political institutions
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an extension of the owner’s or board’s personality‚ management style and characteristics. Two types of organizational structures are found in the business environment: centralized and decentralized. Each structure offers advantages and disadvantages for organizations. One company who wholeheartedly operates under a decentralized organizational structure is British Petroleum. BP is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the United Kingdom. It operates in over 80 countries
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development plans with a long-term perspective by targeting various development sectors. Such a spatial plan is classically referred to as a Development Plan or Master Plan. Planning Process in India The planning system in India was more centralized one. In centralized
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Research Case Study-3 SONY INDIA1 Sony‚ a multinational corporation based in Tokyo‚ Japan‚ stepped into India in early 1995‚ in the post Iiberalisation period. Within a couple of months in the same year‚ it set up its manufacturing unit. The company makes its presence felt in India through Sony Entertain Television‚ Sony Music and Sony India. While the first two are comfortably placed in their niche markets‚ it is the third which is expected to bring in all those exciting Sony digital products. Although
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Annual Report 2003 Year Ended March 31‚ 2003 Financial Highlights Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries Year ended March 31 Yen in millions except per share amounts and number of employees Percent change Dollars in millions* except per share amounts 2002 2003 2003/2002 2003 FOR THE YEAR Sales and operating revenue Operating income Income before income taxes Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes Net income Per share data: Income before cumulative
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