A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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Chemical Description Chemical Description Chemical #1 Seashell Calcium Carbonate - CaO3 Density | * 2.71 g/cm3 (calcite) * 2.83 g/cm3 (aragonite) | Exact mass | * 100.0869 g/mol | Molecular Formula | * CaO3 | Melting point | * 825 °C (calcite) * 1339 °C (aragonite) | Boiling point | * Decomposes | Acidity | * 9.0 | Flash point | * Non flammable | Crystal structure | * Trigonal | Other names | * Limestone‚ Marble‚ Chalk‚ Calcite and
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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium Ammonia (NH3) is an important industrial chemical that is used in the manufacture of fertilisers. It is manufactured by reacting hydrogen with nitrogen. The reaction is said to be reversible and the conversion of reactants to products is never complete. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 A reversible reaction is a reaction which can take place in either direction When the concentrations of the reactants and product have become constant‚ a
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PTU/BOS/Ch/101/30-12-2004/ BATCH 2004 Punjab Technical University‚ Jalandhar B.Tech. Chemical Engg. Scheme of Syllabi ( 3rd Semester ) Sr. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Course Code Ch-201 Ch-203 Ch-205 Ch-207 Ch-209 Ch-211 Ch-213 Ch-215 Ch-217 Course Title Mechanical Operations Numerical Methods in Chemical Engineering Organic & Biotechnology Chemical Process Calculations Fluid Flow Strength of Materials Strength of Materials Lab. Fluid Flow Lab. Numerical Methods in Chem. Engg. Lab. L 3 3
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Chemical Equation Chemical Reaction: C10H8+ 12 O2 → CO2 + 4H2 O (Naphthalene) Combustion Introduction of the Product: Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‚ and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon‚ naphthalene’s structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the
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entrepreneurship at the Dow Chemical Company Dow Chemical Company Description Dow Chemical is a multi-national chemical manufacturing company‚ specifically serving various consumer markets with innovative chemicals and plastics products. With net profit margins dropping over a period of time‚ the firm had prioritized growth initiatives in the early 2000s. The emergence of the internet had empowered start-ups to disrupt the chemical manufacturing industry
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using physical and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics of a substance. Two types of physical properties are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative is a property that has an amount or can be measured such as hardness‚ solubility‚ and viscosity. Qualitative is a physical description of matter such as color‚ clarity‚ and state. Chemical properties are characteristics of a substance which allows it to behave in a specific manner. A few types of chemical properties are combustibility
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Tro’s Chemistry Chapter 13 – Chemical Kinetics Page 1 of 13 Acknowledgements: Many of the images are adopted from Tro’s textbook‚ the only purpose of which is to enhance student learning. Key terms‚ concepts‚ skills: Refer to pp 599 – 601. Review questions: 3 – 24. Suggested problems: 25‚ 27‚ 33‚ 39‚ 43‚ 53‚ 57‚ 59‚ 69‚ 73‚ 75‚ 81‚ 93‚ 103. 13.1 & 2 Introduction to the Rate of a Chemical Reaction • kinetics is the study of the factors that affect the speed of a reaction and the mechanism by
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HARPER CHEMICAL COMPANY The Harper Chemical Company (HCC) was a medium sized producer of industrial chemicals‚ which sold its products primarily to customers in the paper industries and the paint industries. In 1980‚ HCC diversified into the production of a mineral called Dominite. By acquiring the Dominite activities‚ HCC hoped it would yield at least 15% return on investment after taxes. In early 1980‚ the HCC board of directors authorised the construction of a processing plant having a 40 000
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DIFFDiffusion of Chemicals * Diffusion-is the process whereby particles of liquids‚ gases‚ or solids intermingle as the result of their spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and in dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration. The rate of diffusion depends on the size of the surface area to the volume in the cell. The higher the surface area of cells in relation to their volume‚ the quicker diffusion takes place. Experiment on Diffusion Aim: to
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