INTRODUCTION TO EQUITY VALUATION Equity shares can be described more easily than fixed income securities. However‚ they are more difficult to analyse. Fixed income securities typically have a limited life and a well-defined cash flow stream. Equity shares have neither. While the basic principles of valuation are the same for fixed income securities as well as equity shares‚ the factors of growth and risk create greater complexity in the case of equity shares . As our discussion
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Raising Equity Capital When a private company decides to raise outside equity capital to fund there firm‚ they can turn several potential sources‚ these include Angel Investors‚ venture capital firms‚ institutional investors and corporate investors. Angel investors are individual investors who buy equity in small private firms (often friends of relatives) and are usually the first round of outside financing typically receiving a sizeable equity share. Venture Capital Firm (VCF) is a limited partnership
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and add value to a brand. Building a strong brand takes time commitment and hard work. The identity of the brand‚ from the perspective of the consumers‚ is the foundation of a good brand-building program. Effective brand management that encompasses brand personality is of major importance in reaching the company goals of satisfaction‚ loyalty and profitability. Building a powerful brand requires determining the substantial characteristics of the offerings that carry the brand name and the psychological
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Integrated Marketing Communications: Brand Analysis Henry Garcia‚ Kris Burningham Cassandra Carone Agata Kosinski F C Flying Colours Advertising Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 ANALYSIS OF THE 4 P’S OF MARKETING 4 PRODUCT ACTIVIA DANONE YOGURT PROMOTION PRICE PLACE PRODUCT ANALYSIS SUMMARY 4 4 5 7 8 9 MARKET ANALYSIS 10 ECONOMIC TRENDS SOCIAL/DEMOGRAPHIC/CULTURAL TRENDS YOGURT CONSUMPTION IN CANADA
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Debt versus Equity Financing Debt financing versus equity financing‚ which financing has more advantages over the other financing. Debt vs. equity financing is the most vital decision a manager will face when determining the needed capital to fund his or her business operations. Both types of financing are the main sources of capital that is available to a business. Both types of financing have advantages and disadvantages when a manager or owner is trying to raise capital. Debt Financing Debt
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Marks: 1 Procter & Gamble sells six brands of laundry detergent in the United States‚ each designed for one of six laundry segments Procter & Gamble has identified. Together‚ these six brands take 62% of market share. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Procter & Gamble’s differentiated marketing strategy? Choose one answer. |a. lack of resources to succeed in an attractive segment|| |b. increased costs for separate marketing plans for each brand|| |c. other suppliers controlling pricing||
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Brand Community Introduction During the last fifteen years‚ there are many popular subjects: relationship marketing and brand building‚etc.These hot subjects encourage interaction and speed up the incubation of new sources of disciplinary growth: Brand Relationship(the relationship between consumer and brand).In Brand Relationship theory sysytem‚more scholars focus on the relationship between consumer and brand‚ but Muniz and O’Guinn(2001) did more research on the relationship among consumers
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Physique according to him is the basis of the brand. –E.G. the physique ofPhilips is “technology and reliability” while for the brand Tata it is “trust” •Personality is same as Aaker‚ it answers the question “what happens to this brand when it becomes a person?” •Culture symbolizes the organization‚ its country-of-origin and the values it stands for. –E.G. traditional brands like balsara‚ dabur and zandu. Relationship is the handshake between consumer and the organisation. –E.G. the
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Brand extension & brand stretching The two options for doing this are usually called “brand extension” and “brand stretching”. Brand extension Brand extension is a strategy in which a firm launches a new or modified product with a well-developed image by using the established brand name in a same broad market. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage brand equity (definition: the net worth and long-term sustainability just from the renowned name). An example of a brand extension is Jello-gelatin
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EQUITY VALUATION MODELS Equity Valuation -Determining the total value of a company involves more than reviewing assets and revenue figures. An equity valuation takes several financial indicators into account; these include both tangible and intangible assets‚ and provide prospective investors‚ creditors or shareholders with an accurate perspective of the true value of a company at any given time Significance of Equity Valuation Model -Equity valuations are conducted to measure the value of
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