Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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a transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. A number of different kinds of transaction costs exist. Search and information costs are costs such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market‚ who has the lowest price‚ etc. Bargaining costs are the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction‚ drawing up an appropriate contract‚ etc.. Policing and enforcement costs are the costs of making sure
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Cost of Capital Firms need to make capital investment i.e.‚ purchasing fixed assets such as factories‚ machineries‚ equipment‚ etc. After deciding what capital investments to make‚ they need to decide on the financing – sources of capital. The sources: Long-Term Debt‚ Common Stock‚ Preferred Stock and Retained Earnings. Then they need to find the cost of obtaining each source of financing today (not historical). Cost of Capital - The rate of return that a firm must earn on its investment
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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THE MANAGEMENT OF OVERHEAD COSTS IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES Brian Eksteen1 and David Rosenberg² ¹Professor of Construction Management‚ Faculty of Economic and Building Sciences‚ University of Port Elizabeth‚ P.O. Box 1600‚ Port Elizabeth‚ 6000‚ South Africa ²Senior Lecturer in Cost and Management Accounting‚ Faculty of Economic and Building Sciences‚ University of Port Elizabeth‚ P.O. Box 1600‚ Port Elizabeth‚ 6000‚ South Africa Costs not directly attributable to or recoverable from production
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Cost of debt When individuals use the cost of debt‚ they should know the measurement of the interest rate‚ or the yield paid to the bondholders. When analyzing the cost of debt‚ people should know that it ’s an effective rate that businesses are willing to pay on the current debt that they have accrued. The cost of debt is a measurement of the before or after tax returns. Considering the case that individuals can deduct the interest‚ makes the tax after cost more popular than the before tax. A business
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4011 APRIL 7‚ 2009 CRAIG CHAPMAN Biovail Corporation: Revenue Recognition and FOB Sales Accounting Background Late on October 9‚ 2003‚ David Maris‚ an analyst at Banc of America Securities (BAS)‚ was trying to interpret the shocking events of the previous few days and finish the write-up of his first report on the Canadian pharmaceutical firm‚ Biovail Corporation. Maris didn’t like what he saw at the company‚ but he never liked writing “Sell” recommendations. In any event‚ he wanted to make
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2.2.3 Data Collection Another crucial stage that cannot be ignored is deciding on the type and nature of data that is to be used in the research. Ideally‚ there are three types of data that a researcher can collect using primary research. First‚ the data can be quantitative in nature. This refers to data that is capable of been converted into a numerical value (Kothari 2004). One of the benefits of quantitative data is that its measurement does not require critical reviews‚ making it easy to collect
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Stages of Economic Integration: From Autarky to Economic Union As international trade and investment levels continue to rise‚ the level of economic integration between various groups of nations is also deepening. The most obvious example of this is the European Union‚ which has evolved from a collection of autarkical nations to become a fully integrated economic unit. Although it is rare that relationships between countries follow so precise a pattern‚ formal economic integration takes place
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