and Raven Power Bases John T. Drea‚ Gordon C. Bruner II and Paul J. Hensel Twenty-five multi-item scales used to measure power sources anchor exercised power in a sales or channel setting are reviewed. The procedures for assessing the reliability and validity (convergent‚ discriminant‚ and nomological) of each scale are discussed and reviewed. Findings indicate adequate reliability for all ofthe scales. Problems in the establishment of validity for some ofthe coercive and legitimate power measures
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CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. Classification of Sources of International law Source is found in the process by which it becomes identifiable as a rule of conduct with legal force and from which it derives legal validity. The various sources of international law are inferred from Article 38 of ICJ. Article 38 of ICJ states: The Court‚ whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it‚ shall apply : A. international conventions‚ whether
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POWER: A capacity that A has to influence the behaviour of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. DEPENDENCY: B’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires. BASES OF POWER: Formal Power: Is established by an individual’s position in an organisation; conveys the ability to coerce or reward‚ from formal authority‚ or from control of information 1. Coercive Power • A power base dependent on fear 2. Reward Power • Compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute
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that “Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely”. Give an example to argue your answer. (more or less 500 words) 2. How does media coverage of communal conflict in Indonesia recently influence your views on power and how power may be used to attain political objectives? Give example for your answer. (more or less 1000 words) Answer : 1. “Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely” is a famous statement of Lord Acton. Power can be
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IR issues in Indian Airline industry: 1. Indian Airline industry-introduction‚ definition and overview about this industry. 2. Trade unions in Airline Industry- Explaining everything about unionism. How trade unions are formed? Rules/laws related to trade unions in Indian airline industry. 3. Collective Bargaining- How collective bargaining takes place in this industry. Rules/laws related to this collective bargaining in this industry. 4. Machinery for Settlement of Industrial Disputes 5. Workers’
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At this time‚ many people have been aware about advantages of nuclear power that can mitigate global warming impact but they don’t notice the disadvantages of nuclear power. The advantages of nuclear power are the emission of green house is relatively low‚ this technology is readily available‚ it can produce high amount of electrical energy. Whereas the disadvantage are the problem of radioactive waste‚ high risk‚ not renewable energy‚ not sustainable energy‚ etc. From the above explanation‚ nuclear
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HUMAN RELATIONS ~(Group 3) * Within the business organization‚ it promotes pleasant and productive working relationships among employees. * Misconceptions about HR * 1. Human relations are merely a “common sense”. * 2. “Nice Guy” Philosophy * 3. Human relations weaken management authority and obstruct production. * 4. Human relations weaken unions. * 5. Human relations can be used to manipulate people. * 6. Human relations is merely for people at the bottom of the
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International trade is the exchange of capital‚ goods‚ and services across international borders or territories. Trading aides the country in multiple ways; providing lower cost to a consumer‚ better healthcare‚ technology and even education. But there are also negative effects of trading. Some if asked fell that international trading is a necessary evil. It helps economies grow and can increase the welfare of society. However there should be a tighter restriction on what is to be traded and exactly
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COMPONENTS OF EACH OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS It is common knowledge that industrial relations cannot exist in isolation as it takes place within a system comprising of factors‚ each of which affects all the other factors. A change in one factor will bring about a change in each of the other factors. It goes without saying therefore that certain external forces influence the industrial relations system and in turn‚ it also impacts on the outside environment. When
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Structure as patterns of relations. Structures are applicable to people in how a society is as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships. Power as influence over those relations. The structure of any organization‚ seen in this way‚ will partly be the outcome of the efforts of managers and other organizational designers to structure tasks‚ activities and establish a controlling hierarchy of command (Watson‚ 2008). A sharp distinction should be made between the formal structure
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