an important contributor to economic progress via the influence profits have on the investment and savings decisions of companies. This is because a rise in profits improves the cash flow position of companies and offers greater flexibility in the source of finance for corporate investment (i.e. through retained earnings). Easier access to finance facilitates greater investment which boosts productivity‚ productive capacity‚ competitiveness and employment. The existence‚ growth and survival of a
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peasant of his surplus produce (produce over and above the subsistence level) in the form of land revenue which was the main source of state’s income. Early British administrators regarded the land revenue as rent of the soil because they had a notion that the king was the owner of the land. Subsequent studies of Mughal India have shown that it was a tax on the crop and was thus different from the land revenue as conceived by the British. Abul Fazl in his Ain-i Akbari justifies the imposition of taxes
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GOVERNMENT BUDGETING IN THE PHILIPPINES * BUDGET PRINCIPLES The term “budget” may be traced back to the Latin word “bulga”‚ which literally means bag or purse. Some scholars however seem to favor its deviations from the middle English “bouget”‚ meaning bag or wallet. It applied to the leather bag carried by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to parliament and contained the documents explaining the needs and resources of the country. As government changed and developed‚ the “budget” took on a much
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Week 2 Sources of Finance 1) Introduction It was explained in week 1 that this week’s lectures will focus primarily on institutions that provide finance. Finance has been defined by Chadwick and Kirkby (1995‚ p 38) in their book Financial Management (first edition‚ publisher Routledge) as a “system of costs and risks”. As we will see throughout the course‚ the notion of risk from an investor’s point of view is related to whether there is the accrual of the financial returns that are anticipated
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business start-up process fall into one of three areas: 1)focusing on the individual entrepreneur 2) his environment or 3) the actual activities undertaken by the entrepreneur during the start-up process. Sources of Opportunities If opportunities have such an integral role in entrepreneurship‚ where do they come from and what are their characteristics? Researchers have categorized the sources of entrepreneurial opportunity in many different ways: i. Discipline - psychology‚ sociology‚ economics‚ management
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consolidate civil rule. These include the 1964/65‚ 1983 and 2003 elections. While virtually all these elections have been contested‚ the elections of 1983 and 2003 stand out as the most corrupt and fraudulent. The shared characteristics of all elections in Nigeria‚ include massive electoral frauds‚ the conception and practice of politics as warfare‚ the lack of continuity in the political platforms used by members of the political class‚ high levels of opportunism and thus a low level of commitment to the different
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Management of Primary and Secondary Education in Nigeria Table of Contents ` Page Table of Contents:……………………………………………………… iv Opening Address: Professor Ayodele Falase ……….……… viii Welcome Address: Professor D.F. Elaturoti…………………… x Goodwill Address: Professor E.G. Fagbamiye ………………… xii Goodwill Address: J.B. Babalola ………………………………. xvi Management of Secondary School Education in Nigeria: Problems and Challenges — W.O. Ibukun .........………………………………….. 1 The Organization and Management
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population shift from the cities to the country. E) full-scale industrialization. 4) After the Revolution‚ James Madison observed that “the most common and durable source of faction has been A) racial inequalities.” B) the various and unequal divisions of property.” C) urban and rural divisions.” D) aristocracy.” E) the British army.” 3) Beginning in 1781‚ the U.S. was governed under the A) Articles of Confederation B) British Constitution C) Mayflower Compact D) current U.S. Constitution
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Non-Oil Exporters in Nigeria in 2012 S/N Exporter FOB Value (USD) Exported Products Destination 1 Olam Nigeria Limited 369‚674‚654.05 Nigerian Sesame Seeds (HPS)‚ Good Fermented Superior Grade Nigerian Cocoa Beans 2 Unique Leather Finishing Co Limited 137‚776‚528.93 Finished Leather (Goat and Sheep Skins) Grades 1‚ 2‚ 3 and 4 Japan‚ Germany‚ US‚ Netherlands‚ Italy‚ Syria‚ Spain‚ Turkey‚ UK‚ China & Greece Italy 3 Armajaro Nigeria Limited 84‚986
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scale businesses in the country had provided job and employment to many citizens. Small scale businesses play crucial roles in the economic development of countries (Ogundele; 2006).They employ more workers than their large scale counterparts. In Nigeria for instance‚ Small Scale Businesses (SSB) Constitutes 85% of all firms operating in the economy‚ and like in most other developing countries they employed the largest number of workers. Increasing number of graduates from increasing number of public
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