between the leading city-state of Athens and Sparta‚ along with their allies‚ resulting in the transfer of hegemony from Athenian to Sparta. The fundamental cause of the war was the Spartan fear of Athenian imperialism. These two powers have asymmetrically different military strengths. The Athenians and their allies relied on its Navy‚ while Sparta and their alliance relied on a strong army. Pericles led the Athenians and Archidamus led Sparta. Plague struck Athens in 429 BC‚ killing Pericles. Cleon
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An athlete stands alone‚ the crowd cheering; finally all of their hard work has paid off‚ and the stars align to send a bright beam of glory and honor for the winning athlete to soak in. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens‚ Greece‚ on April 6‚ 1896. However‚ the ancient Olympic Games were established during the Geometric period (900-700 BCE)‚ and were greatly influenced by the Dorians‚ one of the four major ethnic groups of Greece. The Dorians were extremely vigorous‚ warlike‚ and
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Chapter one the first civilization I. Introduction A. The Idea of Civilization The West is an idea that developed slowly during Greek and Roman civilization. Initially the Greeks referred to their homeland as the Europe—or “West.” The Romans took up the concept and applied it to the western half of their empire. Asia—or the East—was similarly a geographical innovation of the Greeks and Romans. Asia was that land that belonged to non-Greek cultures of Asia Minor‚ particularly the Persians
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king of Sparta between 488BC and 480BC. The movie “300” narrates the story of Leonidas leading 300 Spartan “body guards” and fighting to death against the massive Persian army led by “God King” Xerxes in the battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. Prior to the start of the war‚ Leonidas knew that his army was hugely outnumbered and knew with certainty that his move against the Persians was a suicide mission. His intention was to delay the fast approaching Persian army from reaching the heart of Sparta by using
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The Helots were enslaved Greeks‚ captured by the Spartans‚ who performed many important duties in Sparta‚ including working the land to produce food. According to the sources‚ the Helots were incredibly important in the social structure of Sparta. Although they were useful and important‚ they were the lowest class in the Spartan society and were kept under constant surveillance to prevent any uprising. Plutarch tells us that the helots “worked the land for them (the Spartans).” This shows that
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Unstoppable 5‚000 Years Ago Part One Jaron of Sparta walked among the shattered bones of his enemies‚ as their blood slowly tainted the sand. All of his men had been slain by the Roman legion. They fought well‚ may their souls rest in peace knowing that they served their king well. As Jaron walked throug¬h the city he saw the coliseum he said “Sick people‚ killing for their amusement” he continued walking through the city‚ he walked over to an olive tree‚ drew his sword‚ then he said “ I never
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The Peloponnesian Wars were a series of conflicts between Athens and Sparta. These wars also involved most of the Greek world‚ because both Athens and Sparta had leagues‚ or alliances‚ which brought their allies into the wars as well. The Athenian Thucydides is the primary source of the wars‚ as he fought on the side of Athens. Thucydides was ostracized after the Spartans decisive victory at the Battle of Amphipolis in 422 BC‚ where Thucydides was one of the Athenian commanders. Thucydides wrote
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“Spartan policy was always mainly governed by the necessity of taking precautions against the helots.” (Thucydides; History of the Peloponnesian War). Since birth‚ Spartan men and women were inculcated with a mentality developed from the necessity to comply with a militaristic way of life. This society indeed grew out of a symbiotic tension with the vast population of Spartan helots. Men were taught‚ through the agoge (education system) harsh training and self reliance that would later be necessary
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Today I shall be arguing and elaborating upon the thesis that the battle at Thermopylae was instrumental in insuring the victory at Plataea against the Persian army as it allowed for Greece to build up its army’s in preparation for the upcoming battle. I shall attempt to prove this statement by discussing various aspects of the battle of Thermopylae and the battle of Plataea such as battle tactics‚ size of the Greek and Persian armies and the overall intent and outcome of both battles. The primary
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CLASSICISM In the early 5th century Greek artists began consciously to attempt to render human and animal forms realistically. This entailed careful observation of the model as well as understanding the mechanics of anatomy - how a body adjusts to a pose which is not stiffly frontal but with the weight shifted to one side of the body‚ and how a body behaves in violent motion. The successors to the archaic kouroi‚ mainly athlete figures‚ are thus regularly shown ’at ease’‚ one leg relaxed‚ with a
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