The following month the company restated earnings for the previous five years and erased $600 million in profits.2 It turned out that the October report began to reveal Enron’s gross abuse of special-purpose entities (SPEs) and the mark-to-market accounting method. The company used SPEs to keep enormous amounts of losses off its books while inflating earnings from supply contracts by booking all profits from a contract in the quarter the deal was made.3 What also became clear was that Enron did not
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recorded as related third parties‚ these partnerships were never consolidated so that debt could be getting off its balance sheet and the company itself could boost and have not had to show the real numbers to stockholders. Andrew Fastow was using SPEs to conceal some $1 billion in Enron debt. Overall‚ according to Enron‚ Fastow made about $30 million from LJM by using these partnerships to get kickbacks which were disguised as gifts from family members who invested in them and enriching himself
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later‚ which might be a red flag for the external agencies. 1.3. Financing: Related parties to the entity 1.3.1. SPE: Special Purpose Entities‚ which are the source of funding as well as non-financing activities of Enron‚ are organized as partnerships. Enron utilize the SPE under the 3% rule5 to give rooms to transfer loss to SPE and spin off part of the corporate debt to those SPEs‚ which had to use Enron’s stocks as collaterals to the creditors of the company‚ thus possessing huge
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Understanding Gas-Condensate Reservoirs How does a company optimize development of a gas-condensate field‚ when depletion leaves valuable condensate fluids in a reservoir and condensate blockage can cause a loss of well productivity? Gas-condensate fields present this puzzle. The first step must be to understand the fluids and how they flow in the reservoir. Li Fan College Station‚ Texas‚ USA Billy W. Harris Wagner & Brown‚ Ltd. Midland‚ Texas A. (Jamal) Jamaluddin Rosharon‚ Texas Jairam
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Corporate Governance Issue [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name] [Date] Corporate Governance Issue Introduction The Purpose of the Case study is to assess the case of Enron mainly at the Corporate Governance problems. This Report will point out that why Independence of the Company’s Director is vital to clear operation of the organization; why successful Boards are compulsory for the companies to avoid the disasters like the Enron; and there must be the Working committee including the Non-Executive
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Enron’s Collapse In the case of Enron’s collapse‚ many would blame the external auditor’s collusion with the management‚ the aggressive accounting policy it had adopted to manipulate its earnings or the Special Purpose Entity (SPE) it had created as a sham to conceal its debts. However‚ everything began from an internal environment with weak controls. The internal environment is the capstone of all other components within an organization’s ERM framework‚ influencing strategy formulation‚ objective
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he Lucifer Effect raises a fundamental question about the nature of human nature: How is it possible for ordinary‚ average‚ even good people to become perpetrators of evil? In trying to understand unusual‚ or aberrant behavior‚ we often err in focusing exclusively on the inner determinants of genes‚ personality‚ and character‚ as we also tend to ignore what may be the critical catalyst for behavior change in the external Situation or in the System that creates and maintains such situations. I challenge
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Garrouch‚ F.A. Al-Ruhaimani‚ SPE 96697‚ 2005. 49 (11) (2003) 2948–2956. A. Alizadeh‚ H. Nakhli‚ R. Kharrat‚ M.H. Ghazanfari‚ J. Pet. Sci. Technol. 29 (10) (2011) 1054–1065. A. Mizabozorg‚ M.B. Bagheri‚ R. Kharrat‚ J. Abedi‚ C. Ghotbi‚ CIPC Conference‚ 2009. M. Fingas‚ B. Fieldhouse‚ Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 333 (2009) 67–81. Aspects 365 (2010) 171–177. [10] J. Czarnecki‚ Energy Fuels 23 (2009) 1253–1257‚ Part 2. [11] Y. Hayashi‚ H. Okabe‚ SPE (129271) 2010‚ SPE EOR Conference at Oil &
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AA’s approval of Special Purpose Entities (SPE) that was used to generate false profits‚ hide losses and keep any undesirable information off Enron’s financial statements. 2. Which Arthur Andersen decisions were faulty? AA made many decisions in regards to the Enron audit which led to their ultimate downfall. Briefly discussed below are some decisions made by AA that failed to adhere to GAAP. AA approved the structure of many Special Purpose Entities (SPE) that were used to generate false profits
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made up and what it consists of. Although other non-Catholic religions may not view at it as this way‚ they believe it is so. In the Gaudium et spes it is the same. “The Church firmly believes that Christ‚ who died and was raised up for all‚(2) can through His Spirit offer man the light and the strength to measure up to his supreme destiny”(Gaudium et spes). This quote shows that those misguided by the views of other faiths and religions can be guided back into the Catholic Church faith because Jesus
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