mean member per quadrat*total areaarea of each quadrat * Count the number of different species of quadrat. (1*1 meter) * Repeat it as many time as possible. * If your sample area covers habitats which are different from each other (e.g. soil in valley is better) you need to take sets of sample from both areas. The line which is between two types of area is called transect. 3. Keys for species identification * Once you have collected the organisms‚ you may want to find out what
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Unanswered study questions in GREEN Study Questions for Lectures 1-5 1. Give 2 definitions of “species” and explain the strengths and weaknesses of each. Morphological “species”: individuals grouped into species based on their similar physical appearence. Strength: Easy to apply when species’ traits are defined and don’t overlap. Weakness: Hard to apply when there are morphological difference within species‚ such as in between male and female birds (males tend to be brighter colored and females are
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Some of those serious problems‚ for example‚ natural disasters through deforestation‚ all the species of plants and animals disappear‚ and humans will eventually vanish. The human exploitation of natural resources also brings about the damages in nature‚ such as global warming and greenhouse effect. Then‚ they lead to animal extinction‚ plant loss‚ and the disappearance of the habitat of many species. As a result‚ the rapid exhaustion of the Earth’s natural resources becomes the most important issue
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of new species. Since the development of modern genetics in the 1940s‚ evolution has been defined more specifically as a change in the frequency of alleles in a population from one generation to the next. Darwin ’s theory of evolution describes the descent of all living organisms from a common ancestor. Natural Selection is the principal mechanism that causes evolution. In common parlance the word "evolution" is often used as a shorthand for both the modern theory that all extant species share a
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Simpsons’ diversity index investigation Data table showing: the species number‚ quadrat species name‚ common name and the specific name of different plant species. Species number Quadrat species name Common name Specific name 1 L Bilberry Vaccinium mytillus 2 M Buttercup Ranunculus acris 3 N Common sorrel Rumex acetosa 4 O Hoary cinquefoil Pontentilla argentea 5 P Lesser Stitchwort Stellaria graminea 6 Q Osier Salix sp 7 R Rose Bay Willowherb Epilobium agustifolium
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California is a state of enormous diversity. From the coast to the mountains and the forests to the deserts‚ California is full of a wide array of plant life. California is the third largest state in the United States and thus has a major variation in climate resulting in the many plants found. Not only are there many plants found here‚ but many of those plants cannot be found anywhere else. There are also many nonnative plants that have become a part of the scenery in California. The best way to
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there was a nuclear war that killed over 5billion people on earth. However because of the war the human race went through Divergent evolution ‚ which is when two or more species live in different habitats but come from the same ancestral group. Therefore the human race was split into to very different species. The first species was selected for a mutation that allowed them to grow an immunity to the nuclear radiation and are to be referred to as mutants. For example‚ out of 100 of those humans only
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Cardinal’s blood serum? Describe the three steps of this experimental protocol. Living monkey cells then 3 rhesus monkeys and then guinea pigs 8. What does the relative lethality rate in animal species tell us about the original host or reservoir species? Not kill its natural host; no boundaries when it can jump species 9. What did Lt. Johnson discover about Peter Cardinal and where he had been? He did die of Marburg and he was in Kitum cave on Mount Elgon
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List of Environmental Problems The earth’s environment has become a pervasive and global problem. There is growing awareness about the need to conserve our environment. Read on to know the different environmental problems. Today the earth’s environment is in a sorry state. Wherever one looks‚ one encounters pollution. Forests are disappearing. The green patches in the city are being replaced by concrete buildings. Waste products are being dumped indiscriminately. Water is too toxic to drink.
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Unfavorable environmental conditions may induce flowering plants to reproduce by clonal growth more frequently than sexual reproduction‚ and such environmental conditions can be temporary or long lasting (HONNAY and BOSSUYT‚ 2005). A plant species can form remnant population when stages of the life-cycle persist over time due the failure to complete the whole life cycle (Eriksson 2000). These remnant populations may play an important ecological role for ecosystem resilience‚ due to positive interactions
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