process that leads to each of the cellular adaptations (atrophy‚ hypertrophy‚ hyperplasia‚ metaplasia‚ and dysplasia) (5 answers total 8 points each‚ 40 points total) Atrophy is the decrease in cell size due to stress or injury. If enough cells undergo atrophy‚ an entire organ can become atrophic. There are two types of atrophy: physiological and pathological. Physiological atrophy occurs during early development while pathological atrophy can be caused by a number of factors including aging‚ disuse
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Spinal Immobilisation: A Literature Review A review of the literature regarding spinal immobilisation has been undertaken using databases for PubMed‚ MEDLINE‚ CINAHL‚ OVID and Cochrane EBM. Reviews were electronically searched using the subject headings “spinal injuries”‚ “spinal immobilisation” and “management of spinal injuries”. The results generated by the search were limited to English language articles and reviewed for relevance to the topic. The aim of this literature review is to compare
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Muscular dystrophy GCU SPE 358 With Duchenne muscular dystrophy‚ individuals experience a decline in dexterity and gross motor skills as the condition progresses. As muscles atrophy‚ compensation for lack of strength and dexterity may include modified handles or grips and adapted utensils and the use of a motorized wheelchair. (Heller‚ Forney‚ Alberto‚ Best‚ & Schwartzman‚ 2009.) The individual and instructor will work with the special education team and therapists for compensatory positioning
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The anatomy of the spinal cord is very unique. Externally‚ it is initially surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column is divided into the cervical‚ thoracic‚ lumbar‚ sacral‚ and coccygeal regions. These different vertebrae protect the spinal cord from damage and form a type of shell around it. The spinal cord appears as a long‚ thin cord of nerves. The peripheral nerves that extend out to many parts of the body arise from the spinal cords thirty-one segmental pairs of nerves. The cervical
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Clinical paramedicine 2 HSC6115D | Pre-hospital Spinal Immobilization | Literature Review | | 21200777 | | Word count = 2703 | Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Spinal cord injury 4 Current Management 5 The Literature 7 Cervical spine immobilization 7 Full spinal immobilization 9 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Abstract Background: A literature review form a variety of references‚ in particular journal articles‚ textbooks and information from appropriate
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what is muscular dystrophy The muscular dystrophies are a group a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles which control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of muscular dystrophy‚ and a few forms involve other organs as well. History of muscular dystrophy Children’s Hospital Boston has a long history of conducting innovative research on muscular dystrophy
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ANTERIOR HORNS – The anterior horns of the spinal cord is the front grey matter section of the spinal cord. It contains motor neurons that affect the axial muscles. The cell bodies of the alpha motor neurons are located here. A motor impulse from the motor centre in the brain is carried down to the motor cell in the spinal cord by an efferent fibre. POSTERIOR HORNS – The posterior horns of the spinal cord is the rear grey matter section of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory
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Meningitis is an infection of the fluid of a person’s spinal cord and fluid that surrounds a person’s brain. It is sometimes referred to as Spinal Meningitis. It’s usually caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. As you read through this paper you will learn how Meningitis is transmitted‚ its symptoms‚ its effects‚ and even the incidences it has caused. The common symptoms of anyone over two years old is high fever‚ headache‚ and stiff neck. Symptoms can develop over several hours
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ESTROGENS IN VAGINAL ATROPHY 1 Topical Estrogens in Vaginal Atrophy TOPICAL ESTROGENS IN VAGINAL ATROPHY 2 Vaginal atrophy is a common result of the estrogen depletion after menopause. Most menopausal symptoms tend to get better as women get through the years of menopause but vaginal atrophy seems to get worse. Vaginal atrophy seems to affect 50% of menopausal women on average. (Kelley‚ 2007) Symptoms of vaginal atrophy are vaginal itching
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Physical Education Chapter 1: The musculoskeletal system 1.3 The muscular system: functions‚ types and major muscle groups Functions Body movement (voluntary control) Adequate posture Essential bodily functions (involuntary control) Types Smooth- digestive system‚ walks of vital organs and involuntary Cardiac- muscle of the heart‚ involuntary Skeletal (striated)- voluntary movements‚ development and maintenance of good posture Involuntary – no conscious control
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