History of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( Greek origin "A" means know‚ "Myo" refers to muscle‚ "Trophic" means nourishment ["No muscle nourishment"] with abbreviation of ALS) is a disease that effects the nervous and muscular system of the body. It was first studied in 1869 by Jean- Martin Charcot who was a French neurologist. In 1939 it gained international and national attention thanks to a man named Lou Gehrig. Gehrig was a baseball player for the New Year Yankees
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cell death and cellular adaptations‚ the student should be able to: 1) Define cellular adaptations 2) Enumerate the types of cellular adaptations 3) Define hypertrophy and hyperplasia with examples 4) Classify types of atrophy 5) Enumerate the common causes of atrophy 6) Define metaplasia 7) List the various types of metaplasia with examples 8) List the causes of cell injury 9) Name the types of cell injury 10) Give examples of reversible cell injury 11) Define necrosis and name the
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The Aging Musculoskeletal System The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move‚ by using the muscles and skeletal system. It consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones‚ usually by tendons. Bones mass or density is lost as people age‚ especially in women after menopause. The bone loses calcium and other minerals. Bone
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‚ also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease‚ is a genetic disorder that occurs in the nervous system. Each word in ALS briefly describes what the disorder is. Amyotrophic has two parts to it. The prefix “amyo” means muscular atrophy. Atrophy means to waste away‚ typically due to the degeneration of cells. The suffix “trophic” means that it is relating to feeding and nutrition. So to sum it up‚ amyotrophic means that the muscles have lost their nourishment. Lateral usually means
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higher velocities may be due to the disuse of the high threshold motor units that produce a fast twitch‚ causing the overuse of low threshold motor units to occur which produces a slow twitch response in muscle fibers. These ultimately result in atrophy of the muscles and a compromise of their strength‚ fatigue resistance‚ and
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of the disease. The following discoveries were the mutations in the genes for FUS ans TARDBP (encoding for TDP-43 protein). Neuropathological analysis led to the identification of insoluble cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein deposits in brain and spinal cord. TDP-43 is a broadly expressed and highly conserved protein with different functions in RNA metabolism‚ including RNA translation‚ splicing and transport. In physiological conditions‚ TDP-43 is located in de nucleus to apply its function‚ but
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A Crippling Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)‚ otherwise known as " Lou Gehrig’s Disease "‚ is a devastating disease that effects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. French neurologist‚ Jean-Martin Charcot‚ first discovered the disease in 1869. Attention was not brought to the disease until 1939‚ when New York Yankees first basemen Lou Gehrig retired because of his diagnosis (4). Specifically referred to as a "neurodegenerative disease"
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“Lou Gehrig ’s disease can be difficult to diagnose in it ’s early stages because the symptoms are similar to many other disorders‚ including spinal cord diseases‚ muscle diseases and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis‚ multifocal motor neuropathy‚ myasthenia gravis‚ spinal muscular atrophy and stroke.” (Mayo Clinic Staff‚ paragraph 2) Many doctors may use diagnostic tests such as: Blood Tests‚ Electromyogram‚ Genetic Testing‚ Muscle Biopsy‚ and Respiratory
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for a single gene defect in the embryo for couples that have a single gene mutation‚ thus ensuring that their offspring won’t carry gene for the disease. Cystic fibrosis‚ hemophilia‚ Huntington’s disease‚ Marfan’s disease‚ muscular dystrophy‚ Tay Sachs‚ spinal muscular atrophy‚ and sickle cell anemia are just some of the disorders that can be identified using PDG technique. Whereas‚ PGS refers to screening of an embryo for aneuploidy—an abnormal number of chromosomes. PGS can identify chromosomal
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A Case of X-linked Agammaglobulinemia 1. What are the differences between non-specific and specific (immunity) body defense? Non-specific defenses attack any foreign invaders by physical and chemical barriers first and then internally. Specific defenses are our immune system and the immune response that forgets specific invaders of the body that manage to get by the non-specific defenses. 2. In what tissue do B- and T- lymphocytes originate and what are the two steps involved in lymphocyte
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