make long-term investments in new product lines‚ new equipment and other assets‚ managers must know the cost of obtaining funds to acquire these assets. The cost associated with different sources of funds is called the cost of capital. . If the business earns more than its cost of capital‚ the market value of the business will increase. Likewise‚ if returns on long-term investments are below the cost of capital‚ market values will decline. Therefore‚ how we manage capital is extremely important to fulfilling
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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supplier must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer‚ what is the effect on the cost of quality to the customer? Cost of quality is the cost associated with the quality of a work product. As defined by Crosby in his "Quality Is Free"‚ Cost Of Quality (COQ) has two main components: Cost Of Conformance and *Cost Of Non-Conformance. Another view is that cost of quality is the amount of money a business loses because its product or service is not done right in the first
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Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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WHAT ARE COSTS AND PROFITS? HUNGRY HELEN’S COOKIE FACTORY • Helen‚ the owner of the cookie factory‚ buys flour‚ sugar‚ flavorings‚ and other cookie ingredients. • She also buys the mixers and the ovens and hires workers to run the equipment. • She then sells the resulting cookies to consumers. 2 TOTAL REVENUE‚ TOTAL COST‚ AND PROFIT • The amount that Helen receives for the sale of its output (cookies) is its total revenue. • The amount that the firm pays to buy inputs (flour‚ sugar‚ workers
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courses; Let X = total enrollments. The slope is the rise over run‚ or‚ in this case‚ 1/4. Find the equation of the line in slope-intercept form: take any point (we’ll take (3200‚ 350) and use the formula Y = mX + b; and you found the slope (1/4) in the previous part of the problem. Therefore‚ 350=(1/4)*3200 + b‚ which implies b = -450. So the equation for the line is y = (1/4)*X - 450. The slope (1/4) means that enrollment in economics courses increase by 1 person every time total enrollment increases
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the Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS)‚ which is part of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The programme‚ Emergent Issues in Information and Knowledge Management (IKM) and International Development‚ will be known as the IKM Emergent Research Programme. The objective of the programme is to improve development practice by promoting change in the way the development sector approaches the selection‚ management and use of knowledge in the formation and implementation of its policies
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Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list‚ project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation. Software development project managers should prepare several types of cost estimates for most projects. Three
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understanding about cost accounting. This paper will discuss: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm; what are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used; how does an operating budget work to discipline a firm’s management; what are the elements of a budget; how are budgets constructed; what is variance analysis and how it is used. Cost accounting can be described as the process of accumulating‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting and reporting cost information
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