Freeman and Friedman offering opposing views to answer the question “What is business’s responsibility?” Freeman puts forth what he calls the “stakeholder theory” while Friedman advocates for the “stockholder theory.” Freeman’s stakeholder theory identifies different “stakes” that influence an organization. Each of these parts is integral to the well-functioning of the organization. Included in these categorizations are employees‚ shareholders‚ communities‚ and customers. Freeman advises organizations
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2.1 Project Definition/Classification/Initial Study 2.1.1 Project Definition The correct and complete definition of all reasonably foreseeable elements of a proposed project is the single most important element of the CEQA compliance process. Defining the Project CEQA applies to all “discretionary projects.” The term discretionary refers to situations in which a governmental agency can exercise its judgment in deciding whether and how to approve or carry out a project. The term project refers
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Stakeholders The world ’ ’stakeholder ’ ’ was first used in an internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute in 1963. It refers to "those groups without whose support the organizations would cease to exist". There are two types of stakeholders‚ primary and secondary. The first type are those that engage in economic transactions with the business - stockholders‚ customers‚ suppliers‚ creditors and employees. The second type are those who do not engaged in direct economic exchange with
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The Stakeholder Theory Charles Fontaine Antoine Haarman Stefan Schmid - December 2006 - Stakeholder Theory of the MNC Index 1. Introduction ........................................................................................3 2. Basic idea of the Stakeholder Theory and Definition ....................3 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. The stakeholder concept – popular and trendy..........................................................................4 Different definitions of Stakeholder
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Steps in Identifying Stakeholders Identifying all of a firm’s stakeholders can be a daunting task. In fact‚ as we will note again shortly‚ a list of stakeholders that is too long actually may reduce the effectiveness of this important tool by overwhelming decision makers with too much information. To simplify the process‚ we suggest that you start by identifying groups that fall into one of four categories: organizational‚ capital market‚ product market‚ and social. Let’s take a closer look at
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A stakeholder is any individual or group who can affect or is affected by the actions‚ decisions‚ policies‚ practices‚ or goals of the organisation (Freeman 1984‚ 25). They have the interests in the activities of an organization and can be divided into internal and external stakeholders. In addition‚ there are different levels of stakeholders: primary and secondary. The level of stakeholders depends on the political‚ economic and social environment. Internal stakeholders are those from within the
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which has been to develop a framework and methodology‚ grounded in the reality of corporate behavior‚ for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. There are three principal sections: (a) a summary of the approaches‚ models‚ and methodologies used in conducting more than 70 field studies of corporate social performance from 1983-1993; (b) a discussion of the principal conclusions derived from the data that (1) corporations manage relationships with stakeholder groups rather than with society
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Every business has stakeholders involved. A stakeholder is anyone who has a claim in some way to a company’s products‚ operations‚ markets‚ industry‚ and outcomes (Ferrell‚ Fraedrich‚ Ferrell 31). Some stakeholders are more involved than others. Members that are needed for the company to maintain are referred to as primary stakeholders‚ whereas others are called secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders can be identified as employees‚ customers‚ investors‚ and shareholders and can also be governments
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Stakeholders A stakeholder is a person‚ group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the organization’s actions‚ objectives and policies. There is two different types of stake holders‚ these are internal and external. Internal stakeholders are people who are on the inside of the business that already serve the organisation‚ these include staff‚ managers‚ board members etc. external stakeholders are from outside of the company but
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The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts‚ Evidence‚ and Implications Author(s): Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston Source: The Academy of Management Review‚ Vol. 20‚ No. 1 (Jan.‚ 1995)‚ pp. 65-91 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/258887 Accessed: 20/04/2010 23:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR ’s Terms
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