as optical rotation and refractive index. In this experiment‚ limonene will be isolated by steam distillation. Normally‚ big molecules such as limonene require very high temperatures to boil. In the presence of water‚ liquids which are immiscible with water tend to boil below its normal boiling point. Steam distillation looks like this: Source: http://mywadud.wordpress.com Normal distillation would require extremely high temperatures and would be more time consuming. Distilling in the
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Purification of Water Domestic: Distillation - In the process of distillation water is heated and evaporation takes place‚ whereby water changes back to water when cooled; this process is called condensation. The condensed water is the purest form of water‚ free from microbes‚ and impurities. Boiling - Boiling is the best and simplest method to purify water. After straining the water twice through clean muslin cloth‚ it is boiled for ten minutes lo kill the microbes present in it and also remove
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Edward Cross Organic Chemistry December 10‚ 2012 Title Steam Distillation of Cloves and Extraction of Eugenol Authors Edward J. Cross* Summary The isolation of Eugenol from Cloves begins with whole cloves and then using a steam distillation apparatus to obtain the cloves oil substance. Then with the mixtures of water and dichloromethane to form two immiscible layers. The layers were dichloromethane substance and aqueous The entire substances that are separated into two individual
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Chemical Engineering Design and Professional Skills B Second assignment M A N U F A C T U R E O F S T Y R E N E Assignment 2 – Monday 28/01/13 You have a provisional flowsheet for a process to manufacture 30 ton/h of styrene from ethylbenzene. This is described below. (It may differ in some details from the one you developed last term – but if so‚ you should use the version described here‚ so that all groups are working with the same‚ correct process.) For Assignment 2 of
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Doha west power Generation and Water Distillation Station is one of the main base load plants of the country governed by the ministry of electricity and water‚ government of Kuwait. This power station is situated in Doha‚ located approx. 15 km to the west of Kuwait city. This power station is composed of eight power generating units of 300 M.W. capacity each and 16 water distillation units of 6/6.2 million imperial gallons per day capacity each. In all‚ power station is capable of generating 2400
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________________________________________________________________________________ ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS LABORATORY EXERCISE Determination of total nitrogen in food and crude protein calculation (Kjeldahl method) ___________________________________________________________ Responsible person: Assoc.Prof. Ing.Kateřina Riddellová‚ Ph.D. CONTENT ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Required
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| Separation of Nitrophenols | | | | Abstract: Using a micro scale steam distillation we separated ortho and para-nitrophenol from a mixture that was already made. After the para and ortho were separated we measured their melting points and compared it to the literature values for purity. For ortho-nitrophenol we had 60% recovery and for para 160% recovery. Our melting point ranges were ortho: 45-46°C and para 64-95°C. Introduction: Nitration: In phenols‚ -OH group strongly
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Printed in Austria V.05-91153—March 2006—300 Herbs‚ spices and essential oils Post-harvest operations in developing countries UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre‚ P.O. Box 300‚ 1400 Vienna‚ Austria Telephone: (+43-1) 26026-0‚ Fax: (+43-1) 26926-69 E-mail: unido@unido.org‚ Internet: http://www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS © UNIDO and FAO 2005
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Group 3 Experiment 1 Simple Distillation of Vodka Ancell Julienn C. Cruz Department of Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy University of Santo Tomas‚ Espana Street‚ Manila 1008 Date Submitted: July 5‚ 2012 Abstract Distillation is a process of converting a liquid to a vapor‚ and then‚ collecting the distillate in another container. There are four distillation methods which are fractional distillation‚ simple distillation‚ vacuum distillation and steam distillation. The methods used here are
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of an essential oil which is a volatile mixture of water-insoluble components that releases an odor and other characteristic of the plant. In this experiment we abstracted the major component of clove oil by codistillation with water through steam distillation and dichloromethane extractions. Also‚ IR spectrometry was used to identify the unknown constituent. An IR spectrum shows the characteristic
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