them from affecting process being controlled. A cascade control scheme has two controllers‚ the output of the master controller being used to adjust the set point of the slave controller The effect of steam pressure disturbances can be compensated for using a slave The effect of steam pressure disturbances can be compensated for using a slave flow control loop. The set point of the flow control loop u M is manipulated by the level controller output. If the level h is too low the set point
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2. From the plots of the boiling point versus the volume of distillate in the simple distillation experiments‚ what can you conclude about the purity of your product? Product not very pure. No distinct line to know when one begins and one ends. Distillation of cyclohexane and toluene crossed over into the other’s range. Would need to perform more distillations to better purify the solvents. 5. What is the effect on the boiling point of a solution (e.g. water) produced by a soluble non-volatile
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unknown solution C ABSTRACT Liquid C and solid C were both extracted from unknown solution by first using chemically active liquid-liquid extract‚ followed by vacuum filtration. Liquid C and solid C were then purified with the use of simple distillation and recrystallization respectively. Through the process of recrystallization‚ the percentage purity of solid C was found to be 6.01%. The melting point range of purified solid C was 117.0 – 119.0C while the boiling point of liquid C was found
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reflux with vigorous stirring) 4. The upper layer that separates is the alkyl bromide (because the aqueous soln of inorganic salts has a higher density. 5. Reflux for 50 mins and then cool to room temp. 6. Remove the condenser and set up a steam distillation apparatus with a 100-mL round bottom flask as a receiver. 7. Add 50mL of water and distill the mixture (add water if necessary to keep volume constant. 8. Pour the distillate into a separate funnel and add 20mL of water stopper and then shake
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e dominant position in world menthol production. 90% crop of India‚ grown in Uttar Pradesh‚ rest 10% in Punjab‚ Haryana and Rajasthan. Recently‚ Mentha Herb was developed in Madhya Pradesh & Gujarat but in little quantity Uses and Application Menthol mint essential oil is the main source of natural menthol. The dementholised oil (DMO) is reconstituted to produce oil similar to Mentha piperita oil. Many dozens of terpenes present in the essential oil are valuable compounds that find uses in
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navigation‚ search A schematic representation of a Soxhlet extractor 1: Stirrer bar 2: Still pot (the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the soxhlet chamber) 3: Distillation path 4: Thimble 5: Solid 6: Siphon top 7: Siphon exit 8: Expansion adapter 9: Condensor 10: Cooling water in 11: Cooling water out Animation describing mechanism of Soxhlet extractor A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus[1]
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Name the items needed for food borne organism to grow Moisture Warm Time What are potentially hazardous foods? Give 5 examples. Foods that is rich in protein High in moisture content Acidic content typically having a ph between 4.6 and 7.5 The five (5) examples are; Meat (beef‚ pork‚ lamb) Poultry (chicken‚ turkey‚ duck) Milk (dairy‚ products) Seafood (shrimp‚ fish‚ lobster) Cut tomatoes (when ph is 4.6 or above) Explain critical control points (CCPs) This is a point‚ step or
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the slurry and mix with the bleaching earth (6 – 12kg/ton CPO) to form slurry (CPO + Bleaching earth). Then‚ the slurry will go into the bleacher. At the same time‚ another 80% of the CPO is pumped through another plate heat exchanger (PHE) and steam heater to increase the CPO temperature to 90 – 130°C (it is a desired temperature for the reaction between CPO and phosphoric acid). Then‚ the CPO feed is pumped to static mixers and the phosphoric acid is dosed at 0.35 – 0.45 kg/ton. Inside there
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750 Group3 950 Group4 1100 Group5 1300 Group6 1450 Group7 1650 Group8 1800 The production of ammonia requires a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen in a ratio of 3:1. The source of nitrogen is invariably air. The hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of naural gas followed by autothermic reforming with air. Currently following four commercial processes are available to choose from: 1. Haldor Topsoe Process 2. Linde AG Process 3. Uhde GmbH Process 4. KAAPplus Process of Kellogg Brown
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Production of an Injectable 2M Na2SO4 Solution JOHN SMITH ABSTRACT: As we head into the 21st century‚ the pharmaceutical industry requires more efficient processes for the production of excipients used in commercial injections. The following design attempts to maximize the production rate of a 2M sodium sulfate solution to 2000 gallons/day without compromising the purity required by the FDA of the solution. The design minimizes the quantity of moving parts using a single Mark III (Rev
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