identify the unknowns by analyzing the physical properties on IR and NMR spectrums. The neutral solid was purified through recrystallization and the melting point range was determined to be 47.5oC to 48.9oC. The basic liquid was purified with simple distillation and the boiling point of 135oC was concluded. Through the analysis of IR spectrum of each unknown the structures for each unknowns were devised. An important peak for the solid unknown D was 1655.71 cm-1 (Ketone) and the peaks that were important
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ml / g oil‚ and 208 ± 8.49 mg KOH / g oil‚ respectively. Comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values‚ the unknown oil sample was identified as Cinnamon oil. 1. Introduction Oils have been extracted throughout the ages and were regularly used in practical things like wines‚ creams and perfumes. When the distillation process was developed‚ more concentrated essences can now be made and various kinds of individual oils have been created and are now available. With better distilling
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and modern medicine. Commercially available mosquito repellents are chemical based and disastrous to human health. An attempt has been made to prepare a 100% herbal product based on Citronella leaf remains which is left out and of no use after steam distillation. It is cheap‚ effective and environment friendly. It is a first and preliminary work based on formulating and evaluating herbal mosquito repellent cakes using natural binders such as neem powder‚ potato starch‚ corn starch‚ coconut shell powder
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A couple of decades ago‚ people turn to the tap for drinking water. Now‚ most people‚ both young and old‚ drink water from bottles. In fact‚ the demand for bottled water is so great that it has become a multimillion-peso business in the country today. Why is there a substantial growth in the demand for bottled water? The main reason is the increasing health consciousness of the people. Many people prefer bottled water because they question the cleanliness of tap water. The quality of tap water has
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toothache. The tea is used to relieve nausea. In Chinese medicine the oil is used for diarrhoea‚ hernia‚ bad breath and bronchitis as well as for those conditions mentioned above. Extraction Essential oil by water distillation from 1. the buds and 2. the leaves and by steam distillation from 3. the stalks or stems. A concrete‚ absolute and oleoresin are also produced from the buds in small quantities. Characteristics and Constituents 1. Clove bud is a pale yellow liquid with a sweet - spicy
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CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Starch is one of the most abundant substances in nature‚ a renewable and almost unlimited resource. Starch is produced from grain or root crops. It is mainly used as food‚ but is also readily converted chemically‚ physically and biologically into many useful products to date; starch is used to produce such diverse products as food‚ paper‚ textiles‚ adhesives‚ beverages; confectioning‚ pharmaceuticals‚ and building materials. Cassava starch has many remarkable characteristics
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is energy-intensive. To save energy‚ superheated steam (SS) could be used for drying spent grains. The circulation of SS in the closed-loop drying system can reduce the energy wastage that occurs with hot-air drying. Also‚ the exhaust steam produced from the evaporation of moisture from the wet product can be used in other operations in the distilleries‚ such as cooking raw materials‚ stripping and rectifying distillation of ethanol‚ and concentrating residual stillage.
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unveil ways on how to produce perfumes through the use of lilac and lavender extracts. Among of the processes involved in the manufacture of perfumes- Collection‚ Blending and Aging‚ these ways are the methods in the process of Collection: Steam Distillation‚ Solvent Extraction‚ Enfleurage‚ Maceration and Expression. This study recommends women to produce their own perfumes through the use natural essences of lilac and lavender extracts as their middle notes‚ and to provide them simple and aesthetic
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Notes on Smuggling moonshine during prohibition -http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441 Enforcing the law proved almost impossible. Smuggling and bootlegging were widespread. Two New York agents‚ Izzie Einstein and Mo Smith‚ relied on disguises while staging their raids--once posing as man and wife. Their efforts were halted‚ however‚ after a raid on New York City’s 21 trapped some of the city’s leading citizens. In New York‚ 7‚000 arrests for liquor law violations
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pounds Cortland apples (about 4 medium) 1 pound Granny Smith apples (about 2-1/2 medium) 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice 2/3 cup packed light brown sugar 1/4 cup plus 1 tablespoon granulated sugar 3 tablespoons cornstarch 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon; more to taste 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt 1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg 1 large egg white 2 teaspoons unsalted butter‚ softened‚ plus 1 tablespoon cold unsalted butter‚ cut into small (1/4-inch) cubes 4 to 6 tablespoons all-purpose flour 2 refrigerated
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