CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY: Ethylene Glycol (1‚ 2 – ethanediol)‚ HOCH2CH2OH usually called glycol is the simplest Diol. Diethylene glycol and Triethylene glycol are Oligomers of Mono ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol was first prepared by Wurtz in 1859; treatment of 1‚2 dibromoethane with silver acetate yielding ethylene glycol diacetate via saponification with potassium hydroxide and in
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MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC ACID BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE Submitted by‚ P.V.R.Krishna Prasad. M.Prem Kumar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We hereby place our sincere thanks to Dr.R.KARTHIKEYAN‚ Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering ‚ Faculty of Engineering and Technology‚ S.R.M University and the faculty members of Chemical Engineering Department for their full hearted co-operation and encouragement for the completion of this project. We extend our thanks to our Project guide Mr
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eaten with a quince gelatin spread or condensed milk. In Mexico‚ it is known as Flan Napolitano which is made with cream cheese. A Dominican Republic version is known as a quesillo which is a coconut flan. A Cuban version has many varieties where cinnamon sticks or vanilla ice cream scoops or coconut or rum raisins are added for toppings and egg whites. Puerto Rican version also have varieties but generally it is coconut-based. In Vietnamese flan is known as bánh caramel‚ caramel or kem caramel in
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Valenzuela City Science High School A Marcelo st.Dalandanan‚ Valenzuela City The Feasibility of Ripe Aratiles (Muntingia calabura) as a Source of Bioethanol Table of Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................2 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….……………..3 Background of the Study......…………………………………………………………………………….…..3 Significance of the Study .............................................
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Review of Related Literature Pandan leaves come from the Pandanus amaryllifolius shrub‚ also known as the dwarf or fragrant screw pine. This sprawling perennial plant is native to Southeast Asia and has been introduced in other tropical regions. It produces spirally arranged leaves about 1 to 1 1/2 incheswide and up to 18 inches in length. This shrubby perennial plant has fan shaped clusters of long‚narrow leaves. Pandan leaves also contain compounds that repel some species of cockroachesand are
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1. Passed B.E. in Chemical Engineering with 6.52 CGPA from Gujarat Technological University (G.T.U.)‚ Ahmadabad (june 2012). 2. Advance Diploma in process automation (ADPA) from TECHNOCRAT AUTOMATION‚ Chennai. * Simulation of Distillation column‚ Steam generation plant‚ Centrifugal pump‚ Compressor‚ Furnance‚ Heat exchanger‚ Evaporator‚ Flash drum‚ Gas turbine‚ Continuos stirred tank reactor (CSTR)‚ Plug flow reactor (PFR)‚ fixed bed reactor‚ Cogeneration boiler by using SCADA software
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practised in Scotland; it is known that the Ancient Celts practised distilling which it has been said‚ and that the liquid they produced — known in ancient Gaelic as uisge beatha ("water of life") — evolved into Scotch Whisky. By the 11th century distillation first occurred in Scotland in the early Christian monastic sites. The primitive equipment used at the time and the lack of scientific expertise meant that the spirit produced in those days was probably potent‚ and occasionally even harmful. During
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Ammonia and Its Salts 1. Ammonia‚ NH3 is a very important compound in industry. 2. The main uses of ammonia: a) To manufacture nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate‚ ammonium nitrate and urea b) The liquid form is used as a cooling agent (refrigerant) in refrigerators c) As a raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid in the Ostwald process d) To be converted into nitric acid used for making explosives e) As an alkali to prevent the coagulation of latex
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Basis:- 1 Hr. Operation ENERGY BALANCES ACROSS THE FEED PREHEATING EQUIPMENT:The heating of cold 2-butanol feed is to be completed in three stages in order to avoid large heat losses. The cold feed is first preheated to its boiling point using steam as heating medium and then vaporized in a thermosyphon reboiler utilizing the heat contained in the reaction products. The vapor‚ which has entrained liquid is removed from the knock out drum‚ and then heated to reaction temperature using flue gas
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Other methods that were used before the invention of distillation include hand expression. Used only on the citrus fruits‚ the rinds were squeezed by hand until oil glands burst. It was then collected in a sponge and then put in a container. There was also Enfleurage. This was the way of getting oils from flowers. Heads of flowers were placed on to a glass frame‚ covered in fat and were replaced until the fat was saturated with the essential oil. It was the extracted with alcohol which dissolved
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