POINT (SELF‚ FORCED) VISCOSITY POUR POINT SULFUR ASH Refinery process Distillation GASEOUS FUEL PROPERTIES HEATING VALUE COMPOSITION DENSITY BASIS OF ANALYSIS AS RECEIVED Ultimate C +H +O +N +S +A +M =100 Proximate VM +FC +M +A = 100 AIR DRY [100C/(100-Ma)] DRY ASH FREE [100C/(100-M-A)] HEATING VALUE HIGHER HEATING VALUE (GROSS) LOWER HEATING VALUE (NET) LHV = HHV – LH of steam (9H/100+M/100) II-1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Combustion C + O2 = CO2 +
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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Available ONLINE www.vsrdjournals.com VSRD-MAP‚ Vol. 2 (5)‚ 2012‚ 166-173 Distillation of Water by Solar Energy 1Anirudh Biswas* and 2Ruby RESEARCH ARTICLE RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly any source‚ a system that is relatively cheap‚ portable‚ and depends only on renewable solar energy. From the results of project calculations a truthful estimate was made to prototype the most effective geometries
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Gas Chromatography: Purifying alcohol Introduction The goal of this lab is to understand the principles of chromatography by purifying alcohol using fractional distillation. Running standards with gas chromatography we were able to see and calibrate our data to find not only how much ethanol our alcohol attained but also what a mixed unknown sample contained. Chromatography is a way of being able to separate substances in solution that can help not only identify the analytes (the studied
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C hapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE How do we judge whether milk‚ ghee‚ butter‚ salt‚ spices‚ mineral water or juice that we buy from the market are pure? physical process of evaporation. However‚ sodium chloride is itself a substance and cannot be separated by physical process into its chemical constituents. Similarly‚ sugar is a substance because it contains only one kind of pure matter and its composition is the same throughout. Soft drink and soil are not single substances. Whatever the source
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this you should be confident and capable of preparing‚ baking‚ and serving the most delicate and savory dessert that will ever come from your oven. To begin‚ make sure you have all of the necessary ingredients: one pound of pecans‚ one teaspoon of cinnamon‚ a food processor‚ one 16oz thawed package of Phyllo dough‚ one can of aerosol butter spray‚ wet paper towels‚ a sharp knife‚ a 9x13 casserole dish‚ a medium size saucepan‚ one cup of water‚ one cup of white sugar‚ half a cup of honey‚ a teaspoon
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water to pour out of the faucet. The steam starts to rise off of the floor of the shower and with a quick swipe of the hand I know that the water is perfect. The water washes away the morning drowsiness and in turn allows me the solitude and relaxation I need before starting another busy day. I dry off as I step out of the shower wrapping the moist towel around my waist again the smooth salty smell of bacon fills the air. I grab my tooth brush and apply the cinnamon flavored tooth paste to the bristles
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However‚ during distillation‚ the temperature never reached 130 degrees C on the thermometer. The thermometer could have been faulty or it could simply be that the thermometer needed to be place closer to the boiling solution. Because of this‚ the beakers were never switched
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Chapter Five Oshun Associated Saint: Sacred Place: Rivers‚ Cuba‚ Nigeria Number: 5 Colors: Yellow‚ green‚ sea coral color Tools: combs‚ Mirrors‚ gold jewelry Offerings: Honey‚ pumpkins‚ cinnamon‚ spinach‚ almonds Sacred beads consists of beads Temperament: Other names: Our Lady Del Caridad Del Cobre (patron saint of Cuba) Rules over love‚ intimacy‚ naughty things and beauty‚ art and diplomacy. When ones have a writer block this is a great Loa to petition. COLORS: Objects: Food and offerings:
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