1 CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND The main objective is to design an economic Acrylonitrile chemical plant with safer ways of processes for a minimum production rate of 100‚ 000 metric tonnes/year. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Recently‚ production of acrylonitrile has been increasing every year in many countries. The rapid growth of the industry is mainly attributed to the availability of oil and gas as feedstock‚ a well-developed infrastructure‚ and a strong base
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Business Opportunity Originated‚ Screened and Confirmed Viable: Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater)‚ also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals‚ the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Desalination systems have been used to supply potable water for coastal communities and urban centers in more than 40 countries. Desalination plants operate in almost all of the world’s
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action resulted in an ethanol yield comparable to that of a traditional high-temperature cooking process. Pressurized distillation gave a satisfactory recovery efficiency of ethanol but was slightly lower than that obtained from atmospheric pressure distillation. Over 40% of the normal steam consumption was saved by adopting the low-temperature cooking and pressurized distillation systems in the cassava-to-ethanol process. The yield of anhydrous ethanol varied with the starch content in fresh cassava
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an aqueous solution sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting the OH functional group of butanol‚ to a better leaving group. In order for this reaction to synthesis 1-Bromobutane‚ four major methods refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and gravity filtration needs to be performed. Chemical Reaction: NaBr‚ H2SO4 NaBr‚ H2SO4 Apparatus: Table of Physical Constants and Reagents: Name | MW | Grams Used | Moles | Density g/mL @ 25°C | Boiling Point°C
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into five classifications: distillation‚ membrane‚ humidification‚ freezing‚ and chemical . 2 The two main desalination processes used today are the desalination by distillation and the desalination by reverse osmosis. Within each method of desalination there are several other processes involved. Distillation processes are the most commonly used methods of desalination as well as some of the oldest methods.1 In 1869‚ the British Government built the first steam distillation process on land.2 There
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(Technologies Services): • Desalter unit washes out salt from the crude oil before it enters the atmospheric distillation unit. • Atmospheric distillation unit distills crude oil into fractions. See Continuous distillation. • Vacuum distillation unit further distills residual bottoms after atmospheric distillation. • Naphtha hydrotreater unit uses hydrogen to desulfurize naphtha from atmospheric distillation. Must hydrotreat the naphtha before sending to a Catalytic Reformer unit. • Catalytic reformer unit
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for natural healing since they possess no side-effects to the health. Below is a list of some natural healing essential oils along with their health benefits. 1. Vetivert Oil Vertivert essential oil comes from the roots and is obtained through distillation. This essential oil is mostly used in the perfume industry due to its long-lasting woody fragrance. It is also known as the oil of tranquility in the east and is used for meditation purposes. Vertivert essential oil is used for several cases. For
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www.ProcessEngr.com Oil Refinery Processes A Brief Overview Ronald (Ron) F. Colwell‚ P.E. mol`bpp Copyright © 2009 Process Engineering Associates‚ LLC. All rights reserved. “Excellence in Applied Chemical Engineering” Some Historical Events • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3000 BC Sumerians use asphalt as an adhesive; Eqyptians use pitch to grease chariot wheels; Mesopotamians use bitumen to seal boats 600 BC Confucius writes about drilling a 100’ gas well
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Synthesis of Aspirin Ling Tecson Gamido‚ Mitchiko Mariel M. Mizukami Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid‚ or also known as aspirin is known to be a drug that relives people of pain and is commonly used even today. It is synthesized from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride‚ both of small quantities. Phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis to speed up the process. Esterification is involved and the final product is aspirin with the presence of acetic acid as the byproduct. In order
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Limonene Contained in Orange Oil as an Alternative Source of Energy to Produce Heat ABSTRACT The study was conducted to determine if the limonene contained in orange oil is a possible alternative source of energy to produce heat. It is concluded that duration of flame is significantly influenced by the amount or volume of limonene content. The limonene was effective enough as a fire starter. The flame produced had a consistent intensity. Its lengthy duration implied that it has the potential
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