continued. At this point an oily layer was on top of the liquid in the flask used. This was the resulting azeotrope. The distillation apparatus was reassembled and the mixture was distilled until no more oil layer was on top of the mixture. The boiling point range of this azeotrope was recorded and found to be around 78°C. What was left in the collection vial after distillation were two layers of liquid; organic and non-organic layers. The two layers were transferred to a reaction tube and salted
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BIOFERTILIZER: The pathophysiology of the Tuberculin reaction is explained thus: M. Tuberculi are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign‚ but due to a self- preserving mechanism peculiar to TB it is able to block the fusion of the phagosome within which it is existing with the lysosome which would destroy it. So it can continue existing and replicating within the immune cell designed to destroy it. After several weeks‚ the immune system somehow [ mechanism as yet unexplained]
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easily and has high calorific value. It is used to make other fuels like coal gas‚ synthetic petrol‚ methane and coke Coal is used in the manufacture of industrially useful compounds like benzene‚ phenol‚ naphthalene‚ etc. Ø Destructive Distillation of Coal: On strong heating coal in a closed tube it breaks down into different components such as coal gas‚ coal tar‚
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OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE) AS AN ADDITIVE TO DISHWASHING LIQUID A Research Study Presented to MR. RAMACHANDRA TORRES Of Tarlac State Uiversity Laboratory High School In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for Science Research I By: Ezikiel Kyle Mesina John Leonard Dela Peña Andrea Nicole Macam Camille Ann Bognot John Mathew Valencia Gideon Mark Corpuz Danielle Ann Lapitan Katrine Mañalac JANUARY 2012 CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTODUCTION Oregano is a plant that grows
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Ocimum basilicum‚ commonly known as ‘Indian basil’‚ is an indigenous south Indian species (Bhasin‚ 2012). Among over 150 basil species belonging to the genus Ocimum‚ two most widely grown species for essential oil production are holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Ocimum basilicum‚ an erect highly branched aromatic perennial herb of family Lamiaceae is well known for its sweet basil oil and is widely distributed throughout India. This species is believed to be originated
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“1.4 billion people now lack sufficient clean drinking water‚ and seven million a year die from the disease linked to unsanitary water. The problem is getting worse: an estimated 20 percent more water than is now available will be needed to supply the needs of the three billion additional human beings who will be alive by 2025” (Geddes). Recently the drought issue is becoming worse. In the article‚ “The Ocean’s Greatest Gift” by Kurt Stehling‚ he claims the world should use the nearby ocean to solve
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INTRODUCTION Extracts from black pepper discourage insect pests from laying eggs on leaves and pose lower risk to humans and the environment than other pesticides‚ a University of Ottawa researcher says. The more susceptible species were pine sawflies‚ which are passed on ornamental plants and caterpillars such as the eastern tent caterpillar Black Pepper worked better when insects are soft-bodied during the larval stage because the chemical is able to penetrate
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extraction a) Cold extraction: In this extraction 100grams of plant powdered root was suspended in 1000 ml methanol and shake it well and keep it for 15 days. This type of the extraction was collected and dried the extraction by removing solvent from distillation under reduced pressure. b) Hot extraction : In this extraction also 100gm powdered root was subjected to hot extraction. In this extraction the solvents are used polarity wise such as‚ Sl no: Solvents Polarity 1 Pet. Ether 0.1 2 Chloroform 4
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also be designed for a variety of other purposes‚ including meeting the requirements of medical‚ pharmacological‚ chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration‚sedimentation‚ and distillation‚ biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon‚ chemical processes such asflocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. The purification process of water may reduce
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(NICNAS) only regards chemicals to be naturally occurring under certain circumstances of processing. Some oils‚ extracts and essences of plants or animals may be naturally occurring chemicals‚ but if they have‚ for example‚ been extracted by steam distillation‚ solvent extraction or have undergone further processing‚ they are classified as synthetic chemicals. NICNAS’s role NICNAS regulates all industrial chemicals imported or manufactured in Australia. It assesses chemicals used in most consumer
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