orbitals in hydrogen then overlap with the sp2 orbitals in carbon to form C-H bonds. . The general formula for an alkene is CnH2n. It is possible to test for the presence of an alkene with the use of bromine water. When an alkene is mixed with bromine water‚ the alkene will de-colourise the bromine water. Primary Alcohol Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an –OH group. For example: Ethanol - CH3 – CH2 – OH The class of the alcohol
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acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid serves as a catalyst of the reaction. The properties of two acids are then compared. Chemicals Maleic acid‚ magnesium ribbon‚ sodium carbonate‚ concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ bromine water‚ pH paper Apparatus 100cm3 and 250cm3 beakers‚ watch glass‚ apparatus for suction filtration (Büchner funnel and filter flask)‚ melting point apparatus‚ 25 cm3 measuring cylinder Procedures A Conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid
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OCR B (Salters) AS level Chemistry UNIT 2 – F332 Elements from the sea Halogens and Halides (group 7 chemistry) * Halogen is the elemental molecule‚ eg/ Cl₂‚ Br₂ * Halide is in a compound‚ eg/ KBr‚ KCl | Fluorine | Chlorine | Bromine | Iodine | Appearance at room temp | Pale yellow gas | Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow |
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insoluble at room temperature but soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes‚ which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar. Introduction
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* Daily Life Applications * Fluorine * Introduction * Properties And Uses Of Fluorine * Fluoridation Of Water * Chlorofluorocarbons * Chlorine * Introduction * Uses Of Chlorine * Chlorine And Organic Compounds * Bromine * Introduction * Halogen Lamps * Iodine * Introduction * Uses And Applications * Astatine * Introduction * Uses And Applications Introduction & daily life applications of halogens INTRODUCTION: * Table salt
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to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols‚ and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product‚ the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH‚ LiAlH4‚ or NaBH4 must be carefully chosen. Being that LiAlH4 and NaBH4 will not react with isolated carbon-carbon double bonds nor the double bonds from
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1691 Strong 4. The reaction of the unknown with bromine gave a negative result meaning the solution did not turn clear‚ but rather‚ maintained an orangish brown color. This is interpreted to mean that bromine in not adding to either side of an alkene bond‚ so there is no C=C bond in the unknown compound. The reaction of the dicarboxylic acid with bromine gave a positive result meaning that the solution turned clear as a result of bromine adding to both sided of the C=C bond. The dicarboxylic
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tribromide instead of 4-bromoaniline. preparing the 4-bromoaniline involves the attack of a strong electrophile and the hydrolysis of a proton to give the final product. Chemicals and Safety: Bromine is very poisonous‚ and can cause burns. Eyes‚ skin and nose should be protected while carrying the bromine inside the hood. Glacial acid is also a very corrosive compound and can cause severe burns when it’s reacting with aromatic compounds. Also‚ the organic waste was disposed in the halogenated waste
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todifferentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties in terms ofstructure and behaviour. Nitration test (test for the presence of aromatic ring)‚ Bromine test (test for the presence of unsaturation)‚ and Basic oxidation test (test for an alkyl substituted benzine) were done. We were given an unknown which we tested (Nitration‚Bromine‚ Basic oxidation) and found out that it was an aromatic unsaturated hydro carbon. Keywords: hydrocarbons‚ hexane/ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ naphthalene
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Name: _____________________________ Submit Worksheets for Credit Stereochemistry Workshop 1. Assign the marked asymmetric centers with R or S designations. 2. Rank each of the following sets of substituents (highest priority substituent = 1; lowest priority substituent = 4). Place the number in the blank below the substituent. (a) (b) 3. Determine the relationship between each of the following pairs of structures (enantiomers‚ diastereomers‚ constitutional isomers
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