Elements classified as Metalloids The 7 elements classified as "Metalloids" are located in Groups 13‚ 14‚ 15‚ 16 and 17 elements of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some are semi-conductors and can carry an electrical charge making them useful in calculators and computers The Metalloids are: Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium Elements classified as Alkali Metals The 6 elements classified
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IGSCE Chemistry Notes Oxides Oxides are used to determine whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Most non-metals are classed as acidic oxides. While most metals are classed as basicoxides. Acidic Oxides * Reacts with water to form acids * Neutralises alkaline solution to form salt + water Basic Oxides * Neutralises acidic solutions to form salt + water Amphoeteric Oxides * These are non-metals which display both acidic and basic properties Alkaline Oxides * Reacts
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decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth’sstratosphere (the ozone layer)‚ and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth’s polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena‚ there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events. The details of polar ozone hole formation differ from that of mid-latitude thinning‚ but the most important process in both is catalytic destruction
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Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil. However‚ stereochemistry allows for five possible products. If only one carbonyl group is reduced during the reaction a racemic mixture of benzoin will be the product that is produced. After the first reduction a chiral center forms causing the second reduction to occur from only one side of the ketone. Depending on which side the second reduction take place there are three possible products including: a racemic
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nitric acid to zinc granules adding concentrated sulphuric acid to solid sodium bromide adding concentrated sulphuric acid to magnesium adding iron(II) nitrate solution to acidified potassium permanganate solution adding sodium sulphite solution to bromine water adding hydrogen sulphide to acidified potassium dichromate solution adding oxygen to potassium iodide in alkaline medium to give iodine and hydroxide adding carbon to concentrated sulphuric acid adding copper to silver nitrate
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Experiment 5- Competing Nucleophiles Table of results: Area (mm²) Percent composition 1-bromobutane 511 85.02% 1-chlorobutane 90 14.98% 2-bromobutane 432.25 78.63% 2-chlorobutane 117.5 21.37% 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 280 37.58% 2-chloro-2-methylpropane 465 62.42% Discussion: 1. In 1-butanol Base on the data table‚ 1-bromobutane dominated the composition of 85.02%‚ which indicates the conclusion that the mechanism for 1-butanol is SN2‚ and bromide is a better nucleophile
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LECTURE NOTES 1: Foundations of Biochemistry - 1 open ended and 5 MC Properties of living organisms - self-replication & self-assembly - sensing and resonding to changes in environment - define function for each component and regulation - Classification of organisms based on where they get their energy Phototrophs (take energy from sun light) Chemotrophs (take energy from food in environment) - organotrophs (bacteria) - not photosynthetic Biological 1) Cellular a. nucleus (eukaryotes)
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HARVESTING THE OCEAN BY: SHUN ITCHIGAWA AQUACULTURE • the use of agricultural techniques to breed and raise marine organisms. • is the farming of freshwater or marine organisms. -MONOCULTURE -POLYCULTURE what is the important of aquaculture? It supply commercial species to the world’s markets. Common Aquaculture in the World • Fish aquaculture- raising fish commercially in tanks‚ ponds‚ or ocean enclosures. - carp‚ salmon‚ tilapia and catfish. • Raft culture- aquaculture using floating rafts
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the ocean‚ the biosphere does not end where light ceases as gravity enables the energy flow to continue downward‚ since fecal pellets‚ cast skins and organisms dead and alive are always falling from the illuminated regions into the depths. In addition to the extension of the biosphere downwards‚ there is a limited extension upwards also. On very high mountains‚ like Himalayas‚ the limit above which chlorophyll-bearing plants cannot live appears to be about 6‚200 meters. In simple words‚ biosphere
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linking small molecules together‚ a type of addition reaction. 2. combining two molecules (of the same or different type) with the elimination of a stable small molecule such as water. This latter type of polymerization combines addition and elimination reactions and is called a condensation reaction . Types of polymerization reactions Addition Polymerization Chain Polymerization/ Free radical Polymerization Condensation Polymerization Addition Polymerization Also known as Chain-growth
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