BroIn this experiment of the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination‚ we were expected to be able to determine the relative reactivates of the many types of hydrogen atoms involved toward bromine atoms. Bromination is defined to be a regioselective reaction meaning bromine has preference of making or breaking a bond over all other directions that it may have had available. In this case‚ Markovnikov’s rule is revealed to be the case in this situation that states that adding a protic acid
Premium Chemistry Acid Oxygen
CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBON EXPERIMENT 16 OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to distinguish the difference between various types of hydrocarbons by performing simple tests and reactions involving hydrocarbons. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS Pentene Toluene Heptane Potassium permanganate (1% KMnO4) Aluminum chloride (anhydrous AlCl3) Chloroform (CHCl3) Ligroin Br2 in CCl4 (5%) Stopper pH paper Small test tubes and rack Graduated cylinder (10 ml) Evaporating dish DISCUSSION
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups and other electron-donating
Premium Benzene Amide Aromaticity
Psychology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Four organic samples: hexane‚ cyclohexene‚ napthalene and toulene were given to serve as reference standards to characterize and distinguish four unknown given samples. Nitration‚ bromine and basic oxidation testswere conducted to classify the different samples from being an aliphatic‚ or aromatic‚ saturated or unsaturated and alkylated or non-alkylated hydrocarbons. The physical state and color were noted by simple physical observation
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Carbon
(R)-4hydroxypentanoic acid‚ 2‚ is isolated as the only product. Using curved arrows to represent the movement of electrons‚ write a mechanism for this reaction that explains the formation of the product with particular attention to its observed stereochemistry. Br OH O 1 2 + HOO OH OH + Br-
Premium Oxygen Chemistry Acetic acid
Organic Chemistry 1 Dr Michael Findlater Spring Semester‚ 2013 Stereochemistry • Stereochemistry refers to the three-dimensional structure of a molecule. • As a consequence of stereochemistry‚ apparently minor differences in 3D structure can result in vastly different properties. • We can observe this by considering starch and cellulose‚ which are both composed of the same repeating unit. Stereochemistry of Starch and Cellulose Figure 5.2 • In cellulose‚ the O atom joins
Premium Chemistry Atom
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE THOSE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHICH HAVE BENZENE RING (CYCLOHEXA-1‚3‚5-TRIENE). AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWS THE SUBSTITUTION REACTION BECAUSE OF THE STABILITY OF THE BENZENE RING. IT WILL NOT PROCESS THE ELIMINATION‚ ADDITION OR REARRANGEMENT REACTION. THIS EXPERIMENT WILL DETERMINE THE FACTORS OF ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION ON DIFFERENT AROMATIC RINGS THUS IT WILL HAVE DIFFERENT REACTION RATES BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURE OF THE COMPOUNDS. DIFFERENT REACTION WILL YIELDS
Premium Organic chemistry Solvent Chemical reaction
the bromonium ion forming the erythro enantiomer. 7) (a)If the cinnamic acid were a mix of cis and trans than we would have gotten a mixture of erythro and threo product in the end. (b) If only 5mL of the bromine solution is added then the reaction would not be able to run to completion and bromine would be the limiting reagent causing less final product. (c) If cyclohexane was used then it would not react with the bromide nearly as much as the cyclohexene and there would be a larger amount of bromide
Premium Acetic acid Ethanol Solvent
Grouping elements with similar chemical properties together Date: 4.10.2012 Objectives The objective of this experiment is to experimentally investigate which elements show similar chemical properties. Chemical principle Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a dull gray‚ silver solid under standard conditions. Calcium atoms have an electron configuration of (2‚ 8‚ 8‚ 2) and 2 outermost shell electrons. Calcium is in group 2 and period 4 of the
Premium Chlorine Hydrogen Hydrochloric acid
heated. Oil‚ fat‚ and water were subjected into a saponification test using NaOH‚ and acidification using concentrated H2SO4. And lastly‚ oil‚ fat and glycerol were subjected into an unsaturation test by adding dichloromethane‚ and was added with a 5% Bromine-dichloromethane solution‚ the total volume of the 5% Br-DCM solution was then obtained. Keywords: Lipids‚ Saponification 1. Introduction Lipids are a group of the essential biomolecules in which are generally characterized by their
Premium Fat Ester Saponification