experiment all take place by way of an SN1 reaction. All of the reactions proceed with the same mechanism. SN1 reactions occur under solvolysis conditions‚ where the solvent serves as the nucleophile. The slow‚ rate-determining step occurs as the bromine leaves the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ forming a 3◦ carbocation. The water‚ which acts as the nucleophile and the solvent‚ attaches to the carbocation at the central carbon. Another water molecule then removes a
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Title of Experiment: An Activity Series Lab MSDS: Copper‚ Cu(s) Stability- Stable. Incompatible with strong acids‚ active halogen compounds‚ chlorine‚ fluorine‚ iodine‚ bromine‚ ammonia. May react explosively with strong oxidizing agents. Toxicology-Dust may cause respiratory irritation. Personal Protection- Suitable ventilation if handling powder. Zinc‚ Zn(s) Stability-Stable. Incompatible with amines‚ cadmium‚ sulfur‚ chlorinated solvents‚ strong acids‚ strong bases. Air and moisture
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EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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identification of alkyl halide Chemicals and Apparatus: ~18.0 g 1-butanol‚ ~20.0 g sodium bromide‚ 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid‚ anhydrous magnesium sulfate‚ ~10 ml of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate‚ ~1 ml of sodium iodide – acetone reagent‚ 1 ml of bromine in chloroform‚ 1 piece of 100 cm3 round-bottomed flask‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of beaker‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of conical flask‚ 1 piece of 250 cm3 of separating funnel‚ 1 piece of 10 cm3 of measuring cylinder‚ 1 piece of electronic hot plate‚ oil bath‚ several
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4. Although‚ in general‚ science has advanced our standard of living tremendously‚ there is sometimes a “dark side” to science. Give an example of the misuse of science and explain how this has had an adverse effect on our lives. 5. Consider the addition of “15.4” to “28”. What would a mathematician say the answer is? What would a scientist say? Justify the scientist’s answer‚ not merely citing the rule‚ but explaining it. 6. Consider multiplying “26.2” by “16.43”. What would a mathematician say
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Experiment 1 Stereochemistry Stereochemistry is the study of the three-dimensional configuration that makes up a molecule and the ways in which this arrangement affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules. Isomerism is the main concern of stereochemistry. Isomers are sets of chemical compounds with identical molecular formulas but different structural properties. There are two types of isomers‚ structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers are subdivided into two:
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N 14 nucleus after two successive β-emissions would be A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. (ii) The equation for the relative lowering of vapour pressure when solute remains normal is (iii)The relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solvent by the addition of a solute is A equal to the mole fraction of the solute. B equal to the mole fraction of the solvent. C directly proportional to the molality of the solution. D directly proportional to the molarity of the solution. (iv) When primary amines
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Preparation u Alcohols when heated in presence of H2SO4‚ H3PO4‚ P2O5‚ Al2O3 or BF3 undergo loss of water molecule with the formation of alkene. Conc. H2SO4 180oC H3PO4/P2O5 200oC Al2O3/BF3 350oC CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O u u Mechanism: In the first step OH group of the alcohol is protonated in a fast reversible reaction. Unlike OH group‚ protonated OH group is a good leaving group. Step 1: CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H+ HO CH3 CH3-C-CH3 H2O+
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since phenol is strongly activating and would add bromine to all ortho‚ para positions. Acetanilide is not as strongly activating‚ and is sterically hindered with a bulky group. Thus the melting point is the same as the literature value for 4-dibromoacetanilide which adds to the para position. Similarly‚ anisole which was not tested in lab should show a para addition to produce 4-dibromoanisole. Since it is not as strongly activating only one addition of Br should be
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synthetic step‚ not counting any workups. 3. Reactions of Amines (15 points). Draw the organic products of the following reactions. Indicate stereochemistry where appropriate. A reasonable answer may be “ No Reaction.” 4. Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds (15 points) Draw the organic products of the following reactions. Indicate stereochemistry where appropriate. A reasonable answer may be “ No Reaction.: 5. Reaction Mechanisms (20 points‚ maximum). Draw reasonable mechanisms for the reactions
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