layer is there to protect life from the ultraviolent rays from the sun. These layers become depleted due to high concentrations of chlorine or bromine atoms and include chlorofluorocarbons‚ or CFC’s‚ halons‚ methyl bromide‚ carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform (King & Media n.d.). Since the automobiles‚ emission gases contain few chlorine or bromine; therefore‚ they have little effect on depleting the ozone layers. However‚ the different gases and particles that automobiles emit affect our
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Discussion and Conclusion: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the conversion of a primary alcohol‚ 1-butanol‚ to a primary bromoalkane‚ 1-bromobutane‚ a SN2 reaction. The conversion of 1-butanol to 1-bromobutane relies on sulfuric acid which plays two important roles. First‚ it protonates the alcohol of 1-butanol to form an oxonium ion which is a good leaving group. Secondly‚ it produces the hydrobromic acid‚ the nucleophile‚ which attacks 1-butanol
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represented by 5Br—(aq) + BrO3—(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l) The progress of the reaction may be followed by adding a fixed amount of phenol together with some methyl red indicator. The bromine produced during the reaction reacts very rapidly with phenol. Once all the phenol is consumed‚ any further bromine bleaches the indicator immediately. So‚ the time for the reaction to proceed to a given point may be determined. Requirements: Apparatus: Beaker Burettes Boiling tubes Stop-watch
Free Chemical reaction Chemical kinetics Chemistry
Objective: The purpose of this lab was to use transfer hydrogenation to saturate glycerol trioleate (the main fat in olive oil) to produce glycerol tristearate. Reaction Equations: Theoretical Yield: There was no Theoretical yield in this experiment Procedure: Fill a 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of water and place it on the hot plate. Add 14 drops of olive oil to a 10 mL round bottom flask and then add 1 mL of cyclohexene. Add .05 grams of 10% palladium-on-carbon to the round bottom flask
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is generally achieved by three steps: oxidatice addition‚ transmetalation and reductive elimination.2 Oxidative addition is the rate determining step of the catalytic cycle. The palladium catalyst couples with the p-iodophenol which results in an organopalladium complex. This complex is initially in the cis conformation but isomerizes to the trans conformation. Stereochemistry with vinyl halides are maintained‚ while inversion of stereochemistry happens
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Cyclohexene From Cyclohexanol 5/29/14 Abstract: A 42.89% yield cyclohexene was successfully synthesized from 10.0 mL cyclohexanol by unimolecular elimination (E1) through the dehydration of cyclohexanol and confirmed via a bromine test and the IR spectra. Introduction: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have carbon–carbon double bonds and are one of the many functional groups in organic molecules. Alkenes are sp2 hybridized and are unsaturated because two of their hydrogen’s
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reaction. In order to separate the cyclohexene product from the cyclohexanol starting component‚ previously learned lab techniques such as extractions and simple distillation were used. The formation of the product was verified by performing a Bromine test as well as an analysis using IR Spectroscopy. A percent yield of 8.33% was obtained. Introduction: In an elimination reaction‚ two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. There is a removal of a leaving
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Name _________________________________________ Date _________________________ Period ____ Homework Chapter 7: Electronic Structure of Atoms Exercises: Sections 7.4‚ 7.5 : Ionization Energy and Electron Affinities 1. Write equations that show the process for (a) The first two ionization energies of gallium; first: Ga(g) → Ga+(g) + 1 e– second: Ga+(g) → Ga2+(g) + 1 e– (b) the fourth ionization energy of rhodium. fourth: Rh3+(g) → Rh4+(g) + 1 e–
Free Periodic table Atom Chemical bond
0 PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA) (Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India) FACULTY OF SCIENCE SYLLABI FOR M.Sc. (TWO YEAR COURSE ) IN CHEMISTRY 1st & 2nd YEAR( Semester System) EXAMINATIONS 2013-2014 --:O:-- 1 OUTLINES OF TESTS‚ SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR M.Sc. FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER-I) EXAMINATION OF 2013 OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining
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om the US Food and Drug administration(FDA)‚ BPA can possibly cause hazards to foetuses‚ infants‚ and young children. The adverse effects of BPA will be explained in details in plastics No. 7. 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) – Safe Problem: antimony‚ EA PET are often used to hold soft drinks‚ water‚ juice‚ sports drinks and other drinkable or edible liquids. It is also used in microwavable food trays and oven-friendly thin plastic. This plastic is considered to be safe but there is still risk
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