litmus turns red and then is bleached white. (ii) White precipitate. (i) Non-metal‚ is acid in aqueous solution and a powerful oxidising agent (ii) It forms a small amount of chloride ion in water‚ so gives a positive result for the chloride test. Bromine Br2 (l or aq) A dark red liquid - orange-brown fumes‚ yellow-orange aqueous solution. The other common orange-brown gas is nitrogen dioxide (i) Shake with a liquid alkene. (ii) Mix with silver nitrate solution. (ii) Decolourised. See alkene test
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between the former double bonds of the diene are formed. The reaction involves only pi bonds in the reactants; no sigma bonds are broken. Due to the concerted mechanism‚ two kinds of selectivity are evident in Diels-Alder reaction products. The stereochemistry of the dienophile is retained in the product. If the substituents of the dienophile are cis‚ they remain cis in the product. If they are trans‚ they remain trans in the product. If the diene is cyclic‚ and if the dienophile has cis substituents
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potassium tert-butoxide of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. The products of all four reactions will be analyzed with gas chromatography‚ which separates organic compounds to see how each reaction’s product are formed under the constraints of stereochemistry and regiochemistry. In a general elimination reaction‚ an atom or group of atoms is removed from a carbon‚ along with an adjacent hydrogen‚ resulting in a C=C π bond forming between the α-carbon (where the leaving group was attached) and the β-carbon
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is the nitronium ion which is generated from nitric acid by protonation and loss of water‚ using sulfuric acid as the dehydrating agents. Data: Weight (grams) Beaker 39.1 grams Beaker + Crystals 41.9 grams Weight of Crystals (Prior to Addition of Ethanol) 2.8 grams Figure 1: This table illustrates the weight of the crystals that were formed before the ethanol was added. 2.8 grams x 5= 14 mL - This is the amount of ethanol that is needed to just dissolve the bromonitrobenzenes at
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unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double or triple carbon-carbon bond. | Bubble gas through‚ or add liquid to‚ a solution of bromine in hexane or water. | The orange/brown bromine rapidly decolourises‚ as a saturated colourless organic bromo-compound is formed. | R2C=CR2 + Br2 ==> BrR2C-CR2BrRCCR + 2Br2 ==> Br2RC-CRBr2R = H‚ alkyl or arylSaturated alkanes give no fast reaction with bromine. | Hydroxy group R-OH in alcohols and phenols (in ’dry’ conditions*) The first 3 tests (i) - (iii) given on the right
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source is needed to reverse the flow‚ and only one container is needed. 2. What is the measured value of Ecell for each cell and its relevance to the EOred for the iron half-cell and halogen half-cells? The measured value of Ecell for the zinc‚ iron‚ bromine‚ and iodine half-cells were -0.71‚ 0.61‚ 0.40‚ and 0.51 respectively. The standard cell potential is the difference between the standard electrode potential of the cathode (reduction) half-cell and the standard electrode potential of the anode (oxidation)
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Chapters 11 12 Periodic Table Name __________________ ( ) Class __________ Date _________ History of the Periodic Table Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 1834-1907 Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic masses Elements with similar chemical properties fall into the same vertical column Such an arrangement is the Periodic Table The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of elements arranged in order of ______________ _____________ (__________) ____________. Groups
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The Cu (II) complexes usually have a distorted octahedral stereochemistry. A few are known with square planar or approximately tetrahedral geometry. But stereochemistry has little effect on the magnetic moment of Cu (II) complexes and magnetic moment is about 1.90 BM. In regular octahedral Cu (II) complexes ground term is 2Eg and hence no orbital contribution
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materials reached the stratosphere the were acted on by ultraviolet radiation and broke down releasing chlorine and bromine into the ozone layer. The ozone layer is the earth’s ultraviolet shield. The chemistry is such that the chlorine and bromine attack the ozone‚ reducing it to ordinary oxygen which as no shielding effect from UV-B. The complex chemical reactions allow the chlorine and bromine to interact again and again with ozone molecules‚ until they eventually leave the ozone layer bonded to some
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1) Sep 23 Tue Cis-1‚2‚3‚6-tetrahydro-4‚5-dimethylphthalic anhydride (Diels-alder reaction) (Expt 2) Sep 30 Tue Photochemical Reaction and Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement: Cycloaddition reactions (Expt.3‚ Part A) and Michael Addition (Expt 4‚ part A) Oct 7 Tue Michael Addition (Expt 4‚ part B) Oct 14 Tue Photochemical Reaction and Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement: Cycloaddition reactions (Expt.3‚ Part B) Oct 21 Tue Purification of products and obtain spectrum for samples Organic Chemistry II Laboratory
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