General psychology Section A 1. The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology. The first school of thought‚ structuralism‚ was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab‚ Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately‚ other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. In the past‚ psychologists often identified themselves exclusively with one single school of thought. Today‚ most psychologists have an eclectic outlook on psychology. They
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Motivation and Emotion Hans Selye: General Adaptation Syndrome- determined that the body has a natural‚ adaptive response to stress that is composed of three stages: alarm‚ resistance‚ exhaustion. called negative stress distress and positive stress eustress Alfred Kinsey: founded the Institute for Research in Sex‚ Gender and Reproduction. Father of sexology. Did research on human sexual behavior. Developmental Psychology Konrad Lorenz: did much work in the field of the physiology of
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Points Awarded 46.00 Points Missed 4.00 Percentage 92.0% Correct 1. For Freud‚ the moral guardian of personality is the ______. A) superego B) id C) ego D) libido Feedback: Correct. The superego is the moral voice. Points Earned: 1.0/1.0 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 2. You are quite hungry but don’t have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id’" what would you do? A) Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate
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Theories *Hierarchical Theory G-FACTOR THEORY The British psychologist Charles Spearman observed that people who scored well on one test of mental ability tended to score well on other tests (Spearman‚1927).He believed that performance on any cognitive task depended on a primary general factor (which he termed as g factor) and one or more specific factors relating to particular tasks. Spearman‚ the originator of factor analysis based this view on the following findings: Although tests
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intelligence. Two psychologists‚ Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner‚ have their own theories about determining what intelligence is and how to measure it. In the early 1900s‚ Charles Spearman (1863-1945) made an important observation that has influenced many later theories of intelligence: He noted that all tests of mental ability consisted of positive correlation‚ or the degree to which two variables are associated and vary together (Intelligence‚ 2006). Spearman reasoned that there must be a common
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development of intelligence in an individual. According to the early psychologists such as Spearman and Terman‚ every individual is born with a general level of intelligence‚ known as the intelligence quotient or IQ (Cottrell‚ 2003).This suggests that if an individual has high IQ or low IQ‚ they will possess that quality throughout their life without many changes occurring. Other psychologists such as Gardner believe that intelligence is a talent which develops in an individual through learning and
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Intelligence The study of individual differences in ability in psychology is one of the very oldest areas of psychology. Test assessing individual differences in mental ability have been of great practical value in occupational‚ industrial and educational psychology. The psychology of ability is one of the 4 main branches of individual differences‚ the others being personality‚ mood‚ and motivation. The term “mental ability” or “intelligence” is used to describe a person’s performance on some
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Professionals [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. Upper Saddle River‚ New Jersey: Pearson Education. Retrieved from University of Phoenix‚ CCMH/535 website. Howard Gardner. (2012). MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES. Retrieved from http://howardgardner.com/multiple-intelligences/ Kristinsdóttir‚ S.B. (2011). Reuven Feuerstein. Howard Gardner. Retrieved from http://mennta.hi.is/starfsfolk/solrunb/feuerst.htm Mason‚ E. & Wilcox‚ K. (2009). Intelligence: An Overview. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/intelligence-an-overview/
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(Thorndike 1920; Thorndike‚ Bregman‚ Cobb‚ & Woodyard‚ 1927). However‚ Howard Earl Gardner perceived intelligence as ‘the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting’ (Gardner & Hatch‚ 1989 as cited in Smith‚ M. K. 2002). He then proposed a theory that there are different types of intelligences although; intelligence is often viewed as one’s knowledge or logic (Gardner‚2003). He continues stating that each individual is differed to be proficient at
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contrast‚ David Wechsler‚ the developer of the Wechsler scales‚ defined intelligence as the aggregate capacity to act purposefully‚ think rationally‚ and deal effectively with the environment (Wechsler‚ 1958 as cited in Kaplin‚ & Saccuzzo). A review by Sternberg‚ (2005) of intelligence literature over the past century by psychologists and intelligence experts reveals two
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