Introduction to Criminological Theory Classicism‚ Biological and Psychological Positivist theories Dr. Ruth McAlister Week 3 Lecture Aim: The aim of this lecture is to introduce students to the birth of criminology as a discipline and to outline early thinking on criminality Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture students will: Have a better understanding of the ‘birth’ of criminology Appreciate the pros and cons of early criminological theory more generally in attempting to understand
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researchers information that is used to understand‚ rank‚ and visually illustrate how variables are related. The Pearson’s‚ Spearman‚ Kendall Rank‚ and positive and negative correlation are methods used to establish a correlation between variables. The Pearson method is a simple linear correlation used or illustrate how strong of a relationship two variables have. The Spearman method ranks data by order or name and is often used because the equation is simpler than Pearson’s. The Kendall Rank method
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eight intelligences and Sternberg’s three intelligences. Gardner’s eight intelligences include abilities in linguistics‚ logical-mathematics‚ music‚ spatial awareness‚ body-kin esthetics‚ interpersonal relations‚ interpersonal relations‚ and nature. Gardner views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages. For example‚ in the cases of people with Savant Syndrome who often score low on intelligence testing‚ yet have one area of intense brilliance‚ such as the Rain Man. Sternberg’s
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Running head: INTELLIGENCE TESTING ARTICLE ANALYSIS 1 INTELLIGENCE TESTING ARTICLE ANALYSIS � PAGE * MERGEFORMAT �5� Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY450/Diversity and Cultural Factors in Psychology Intelligence Testing Article Analysis Intelligence tests are believed to measure intelligence‚ IQ‚ and converted into a numeric score. IQ is the cognitive processes‚ knowledge to solve problems‚ and reach goals (Shiraev & Levy‚ 2010). Intelligence varies with each culture as well. The bell
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resulting to a low correlation coefficient of the test . 3. Environmental condition such as noise‚ temperature‚ lighting etc. may affect the coefficient correlation. Spearman rank correlation coefficient or Spearman rho is used to measure the relationship between the first and second administered test given. Where = Spearman rho‚ D = Difference of 1st and 2nd test ranks N = Number of cases Students X Y 1 15 16 6 4 2 4 2 16 15 5 5 0 0 3 12 11 9.5 9 .5 0.25 4 12 12 9.5 8 1.5 4.5 5 20 19
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(absolute value) Direction: Positive or negative More on Strength Greater variability in Y scores at each X score means a lower correlation coefficient‚ and‚ hence‚ a weaker relationship. --HW Qs-- 3 Correlation Coefficients Pearson Spearman rank-order Point-biserial All between 0 and ±1.0 Calculated differently Depends on scale of measurement Pearson Correlation Coefficient Describes linear relationship Between two interval or ratio variables r =
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intelligence tests actually measure intelligence. The conventional psychometric definition of intelligence revolves around an individual’s generalised ability to control oneself‚ learn from experience and adapt to the environment (Neisser et al.‚ 1996; Sternberg & Kaufman‚ 1998). Originally‚ psychometric tests of general intelligence were used by Alfred Binet to measure the ability of children to succeed at school. Since then‚ a vast amount of research has been conducted using such tests and it has been
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Commitment is how the relationship thrives and survives despite of any obstacles that are put in the way of the relationship(Sternberg). Commitment in Romeo and Juliet relationship faces a dilemma because commitment develops over a long span of time but the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet takes place over a three day span. Romeo and Juliet have no commitment at all because their relationship
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A. Explain in three sentences only the educational implications of the following: 1. Thorndike’s laws of learning a. Law of Readiness First primary law of learning‚ according to Thorndike‚ is the ‘Law of Readiness’ or the ‘Law of Action Tendency’‚ which means that learning takes place when an action tendency is aroused through preparatory adjustment‚ set or attitude. Readiness means a preparation of action. If one is not prepared to learn‚ learning cannot be automatically instilled in him‚ for
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Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter presents the background of the study‚ problem and its significance‚ and the scope and delimitation of the study. Introduction Nowadays‚ Cellphones are one of the technologies that most people use in their everyday lives. The use of cellphone is one of the fastest growing and most important developments in our time. People used cellphones as the easiest and fastest method of communication. Most students used cellphones to call and
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