institution for the mobilization of finance from the surplus sectors to the deficit sectors. The development of capital market in Nigeria‚ as in other developing countries has been induced by the government. Though prior to the establishment of stock market in Nigeria‚ there existed some less formal market arrangements for the operation of capital market. It was not prominent until the visit of Mr. J. B. Lobynesion in 1959‚ on the invitation of the Federal government‚ to advice on the role the
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PREFERRED STOCK VERSUS COMMON STOCK The primary advantage to an investor of holding preferred stock compared with common stock is that the preferred stock return is somewhat more predictable (more certain). The issuing company will generally make a real effort to try to avoid defaulting on the preferred stock dividend. Since the return to preferred stock is reasonably well defined and since the preferred stockholders precede the common stockholders (the preferred dividends are paid before the
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A company may issue both stocks and bonds which can be a sign of the company’s financial standing in a market. Since investors are risk averse and they would not like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a struggling company‚ but they would like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a stable and a progressing company. Investors benefit from company’s profit in the form of dividend when they buy a company’s stocks and investors can get higher or lower yield based on the bonds. This is the
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Five (5) price adjustment strategies Discount and allowance pricing This is when companies adjust their price to reward customer for certain response. Such as early payment of bills and buy one get one half price or free. The many form of discount include a cash payment discount‚ a price reduction to buyers who pay their bills promptly. For examples “2/10 net 30‚” this means although payment is due within 30 days‚ the buyer can deduct 2 percent if the bill is paid within 10 days. Also buyers
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THE IMPORTANCE OF PRICES IN ECONOMIC SYSTEM A price is the amount of money a buyer must pay to a seller for a good or service. Price is not always the same as cost. In economics‚ cost means opportunity cost—all that is sacrificed to buy the good. While the price of a good is a part of its opportunity cost‚ it is not the only cost. For example‚ the price does not include the value of the time sacrificed to buy something. Buying a new jacket will require you to spend time traveling to and from the
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320. As of 2006‚ the average manufacture’s suggested retail price for a 330ci was $37‚600 as compared to $45‚750 for a CLK 320. Gas mileage for the 330ci is 30 mpg on the highway and 20 mpg in the city as compared to 28 mpg on the highway and 19 mpg in the city for the CLK 320. Discussion 1. Suppose Mercedes is concerned that dealer price of the CLK 320 are not consistent and that even though the average price is $45‚750‚ actual prices are normally distributed with a standard deviation of $2‚981
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LECTURE STOCK VALUATION 1. Common stock valuation A share of common stock is more difficult to value in practice than a bond‚ for at least three reasons. First‚ with common stock‚ not even the promised cash flows are known in a advance. Second‚ the life of the investment is essentially forever‚ since common stock has no maturity. Third‚ there is no way to easily observe the rate of return that the market requires. Nonetheless‚ as we will see‚ there are cases in which we can come up with
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common stock. In the end‚ the argument is about whether to raise debt or equity. What are the annual cash expenses associated with the (a) bond issue? (b) common stock issue? Analysis of issuing stock The cost of issuing stock is lower than bond. The bond has a principal repayment of an additional $6.25 million cash expenses annually and that is over 9% of the bond issue. Also‚ the risk is lower than the bond which has an increased risk that will lead to wild swings in the stock price.
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DOMINGO -ARVYNNE FAJARDO Chapter 8: Corporate Stocks 3 Classification of Capital Requirements 1. short term 2. intermediate-term 3. long term Stock Financing-when shares of stock are sold to raise funds for the long term financing requirements of the firm. Capital Stock‚ Dividends‚ and Retained Earnings CAPITAL STOCK- interest of the owners of a corporation. -Issued Stock- portion of the authorized stock has been issued and sold. - Unissued Stock- those which are not yet issued. DIVIDENDS-
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Preferred Stock is referred to as preferred‚ because there is a higher claim against the stock than common stocks. There is a difference from preferred stocks and common stock when it comes to their dividends and liquidation. A preferred stockholder would receive their dividends sooner than common stockholders. This makes it so that if a preferred stockholder were to decide to opt out of paying their dividends than the common stock will not have a dividend. “The best way to think of preferred stock is as
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