Stock repurchase is a special type of dividend. If there were no separate tax treatments between ordinary income and capital gains‚ and if a proportionate number of the shares were acquired from all stockholders‚ the economic effects would be almost identical for stock repurchase as for a cash dividend. If the stock is not acquired proportionately from all investors‚ stock repurchase is a special type of dividend‚ since it goes only to the stockholders who prefer cash compared to increased ownership
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LECTURE STOCK VALUATION 1. Common stock valuation A share of common stock is more difficult to value in practice than a bond‚ for at least three reasons. First‚ with common stock‚ not even the promised cash flows are known in a advance. Second‚ the life of the investment is essentially forever‚ since common stock has no maturity. Third‚ there is no way to easily observe the rate of return that the market requires. Nonetheless‚ as we will see‚ there are cases in which we can come up with
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relationship exists in the corporate form of organization? In this context‚ what kinds of problems can arise? R= The owners of a corporation are the Shareholders. They control the firm’s management by controlling the corporation’s direction‚ policies and activities. First‚ they elect a Board of Directors‚ who then‚ select top management. These members of top management serve as corporate officers and manage the operations of the corporation in the best interest of the shareholders. An agency relationship
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right to cast a vote in decisions involving important corporate matters. Such votes are available to each ordinary shareholder in correspondence to the number of ordinary shares held within the company. Ordinary shareholders are the last to receive dividends‚ and are only entitled to funds which remain after dividends on preferred shares are paid. Ordinary share holders may not receive dividend payments every year‚ and payments to ordinary shareholders depend on reinvestment decisions made by the company
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To Tax or Not to Tax: The Problem of America Money‚ like a cookie‚ is something everybody wants‚ and when it is gone a person blames everybody else for its absence; realizing later they were the one to consume it in the first place. Taxes‚ since the beginning of an organized economy‚ have been argued over for centuries. At the end of 2012 after surviving the “end of the world‚” tax payers were faced with another apocalyptic situation‚ the Fiscal Cliff. It had the potential to raise taxes to outrageous
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are the responsibilities of a company? Martin Friedman believes that businesses do not have any moral obligations or social responsibilities at all‚ other than to maximize their own profit. This view is called “Shareholder Theory”. Friedman argued that a company should have no social responsibility to the public or society because it’s only concern is to increase profits for itself and for its shareholders. He states that‚ when companies concern themselves with the community rather than focusing
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com/1755-4179.htm Shareholder and stakeholder theory: after the financial crisis Terence Tse ESCP Europe‚ London‚ UK Abstract Purpose – The recent financial crisis has restarted the debate of the value of both shareholder and stakeholder theories. This paper aims to continue this discussion. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews existing literature and examines the benefits and problems associated with these frameworks through the lens of the recent events which have taken place during
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Course: TA 322A‚ Section C1 Federal Income Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders I 1. Course Description This course analyzes the tax treatment‚ tax problems and tax planning techniques involving transactions between corporations and their shareholders: transfers to corporations; capital structure; dividends and other distributions; stock redemptions and liquidations; stock dividends and preferred stock bailouts; and provides an introduction to S corporations. Prerequisite TA 330.
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*We have benefitted from the helpful comments of participants at the 1999 Financial Management Association International Conference‚ held in Barcelona‚ Spain. The research assistance of Tasoulla Spyrou‚ Pantelis Nikolaides‚ and Philio Demetriou is gratefully acknowledged. This project was partly funded by a European Community MED-CAMPUS program research grant. (Multinational Finance Journal‚ 2001‚ vol. 5‚ no.2‚ pp. 87–112) ©Multinational Finance Society‚ a nonprofit corporation. All rights
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is it possible for an employee stock option to be valuable even if the firm’s stock price fails to meet shareholder’s expectations? Employees have the option of buying stocks because stock options are in essence the right to buy a specified number of shares at a specified price known as the “strike price”‚ within a specified period of time. There are several ways an employee stock option could be valuable. The option pays off if‚ at option expiration‚ the stock price is higher than the option’s
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