by Georg Wittig in 1954‚ the Wittig reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for preparing stereospecific alkenes. In general‚ Wittig reactions involve an aldehyde or ketone and a Wittig reagent (triphenylphosphonium ylide) and result in the formation of an alkene product and triphenylphosphine oxide (side product). Stereospecific alkene products can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction reagents and conditions. In the 60 years since the Wittig reaction was discovered‚ many articles have
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Writing Practical Reports Aim: To observe what happens during and after a chemical reaction. Equipment: Concentrated nitric acid in a glass dropping bottle Small pieces of Copper 250ml Beaker 2 M Lead nitrate in a dropping bottle 2 M Potassium iodide in a dropping bottle 2 M Copper sulfate in a dropping bottle 2 M Sodium hydroxide in a dropping bottle 2 M Hydrochloric acid in a dropping bottle 4 Pyrex test tubes Test tube rack Spatula Bunsen burner‚ gauze
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Link reaction The link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and its main function is to turn the pyruvate into acetate for the kerb cycle. During the link reaction the pyruvate molecule undergoes decarboxylation and dehydrogenation‚ the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase remove the carboxyl group (which becomes a carbon dioxide molecule) and removes the hydrogen atoms from the pyruvate molecule. The coenzyme NAD accepts the two hydrogen atoms and becomes reduced
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CHEM111AC‚ Experiment#9 - Ionic Reactions Discussion/Error Analysis In the first part of this experiment‚ the student was presented with 7 unique and unidentified bottles of solutions labeled A-G and was expected to be able to analyze the 7 solutions through trial and error and mixing them with one another. For solution A: mixing A + B formed a precipitate‚ A + C generated heat‚ A + D gave no reaction‚ A + E gave no reaction‚ A + F gave no reaction‚ A + G formed a precipitate. For solution B: mixing
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compare that relative reactivity of Na and k -Sodium and potassium react somewhat similar when reacting with water however they are slightly different. Sodium moves because of the hydrogen coming off of it and has a low melting point while potassium’s reaction is faster and enough heat is produced to set light to the hydrogen coming off of it. Each leaves a pink color hue in the water. Discuss the similarities and differences in the behavior of the metals tested with water relative to their positions
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a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously or non-spontaneously is an important aspect of thermodynamics. Spontaneity is determined from free energy‚ or Gibbs free energy. The equation (1) gives the relationship of how entropy (∆S) and enthalpy (∆H) along with temperature affects the amount of free energy‚ and henceforth the spontaneity. A spontaneous process may be quick or slow‚ and it is only affected by temperature and energy‚ therefore it is not related to kinetics or reaction rate. equation
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The Grignard Reaction Abstract Through the use of the Grignard reaction‚ a carbon-carbon bond was formed‚ thereby resulting in the formation of triphenylmethanol from phenyl magnesium bromide and benzophenone. A recrystallization was performed to purify the Grignard product by dissolving the product in methanol. From here‚ a melting point range of 147.0 °C to 150.8 °C was obtained. The purified product yielded an IR spectrum with major peaks of 3471.82 cm-1‚ 3060.90 cm-1‚ 1597.38 cm-1‚ and 1489
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Grignard Reaction: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Hai Liu TA: Ara Austin Mondays: 11:30-2:20 Abstract: In this experiment‚ phenylmagnesium bromide‚ a Grignard reagent was synthesized from bromobenzene and magnesium strips in a diethyl ether solvent. The Grignard reagent was then converted to triphenylmethanol‚ a tertiary alcohol with HCl. The reaction for phenylmagnesium bromide was: The reaction for Grignard to triphenylmethanol was: In the formation of the Grignard reagent
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In this laboratory voltmeters where utilized to take reading of three different electrochemical reactions: Pb/Zn‚ Pb/Cu‚ and Zn/Cu. A salt bridge was placed between two reactions containing metal strips in separate aq solutions. The salt bridge was placed in order to balance the reaction. The voltage measurements for Pb/Zn‚ Pb/Cu‚ and Zn/Cu where .595 V‚ .479 V‚ and 1.072 V accordingly. The values obtained where then used to determine the voltage value for the reduction half. The resulting cell potential
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NaHCO3 and NaCl and calculate a balanced equation for this reaction. Safety: • Wear safety goggles at all time • Handle all chemicals with care • Use equipment like tongs when handling warm/hot objects • If chemicals are spilt on self‚ wash off immediately • Stand at all times Hypothesis: The NaHCO3 will react successfully with the HCl and will form NaCl‚ H2O and CO2. Then be able to work out a balanced equation for the reaction and work out the moles of NaHCO3 and NaCl. Materials:
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