Mech 422 - Stress and Strain Analysis D.L. DuQuesnay (adapted from original text by R.J. Ferguson) z R σ xz 1 σ zz σ zx σ xx x September 2002 σ yz R σ zy σ yx σ xy σ yy y 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. What is Stress Analysis? The aim of stress analysis is to take the geometry of a component or structure and the externally applied “loads” and determine the state of stress in the material. Subjects that encompass stress analysis include “strength of materials”‚ “solid mechanics”‚ mechanics
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The current study remains limited in its scope as it looks at the problems faced by Pakistan Railways and there solutions not at the organization as a whole. The research is mainly made by collecting data from Peshawar & Nowshera railway stations and conclusions are drawn on the basis of that data. To undertake the task we went through the existing literature on Pakistan Railways and reviewed the current state of affairs through available data. Pakistan Railways have been running
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Torsion Testing Sharmini Jegachandra Mohan Group members Cheok Jia Shiung Sameer Razi Ansari Yeap Dee Ken Cynthia Gan Xin Lin School of Engineering Taylor’s University Date of Experiment: 30.03.2011 | Report due date: 6.04.2011 | Report submission date: 6.04.2011 | Checked by: | Item/marks | | Format/10 | | Abstract and Introduction/10 | | Figures and Diagrams/15 | | Materials and Method/10 | | Results & Discussion/45 | | References/10 | | Total | |
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BASICS OF LEVELLING USES OF LEVELLING In the context of tidal measurements‚ levelling is used for the following purposes: • Referencing of Tide Gauges: To determine and check the vertical stability of the tide gauge bench mark (TGBM) with respect to reference points (benchmarks) in its immediate vicinity. In order to isolate any local movements‚ there should be at least three such benchmarks‚ and the levelling should be repeated on an annual or semi-annual basis. • Connection
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Rigidity Using the initial length‚ radius‚ measurements of torque and angle of twist‚ it is possible to calculate the Modulus of Rigidity for each specimen. The modulus of rigidity or shear modulus represents the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. It is denoted ‘G’. To calculate two separate values of G for each specimen‚ it is possible to use two methods. It is important to determine the polar moment of inertia to be used throughout the experiment: For the Aluminum sample:
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Wing Design In wing design‚ aerodynamic and structural are major consideration that the design required to consider the loading condition of the wing and the layout of the wing structure to ensure that the wing structure are able to withstand all possible loading condition with minimum if the weight. Since it is often that don’t able to have best solution for the consideration at the same time. The wing design will be optimized. Before processing the wing design‚ it is necessary to understand the
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General concepts of stress and strain • The end of the chapter‚ the students should be able to: – Find internal forces of a body – Calculate the average normal stress and average shear stress of a body subject to axial forces and shear forces respectively – Calculate the normal strain from a body`s deformation – Understand and be able to apply the relationship between stress and strain. – Locate and identify material characteristics associated with a tensile test stress-strain diagram – Solve the problems
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+ay 2 R= ax -ay ( 2 2 : + r xy 2 max =r·tn-plane (6) al = aavg +R a2 = aavg- R a max and a3 (7) abs r max (B) a max -amin 2 ; 0’"min are chosen from aI‚ (72 and (8) Transformation of Strains in 2-Dimension (9) (10) (II) (c x - CY ) r- . ------=--cos 28 - -xy Sin 28 2 2 Page 8 (12) Y ---:L = I I _ \ x IG - G y sin 28 + xy cos 28 ) Y 222 max Yin-plane (13) 2 (14) (15) abs Ymax (C)
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and shear stress. To analyse and design members subject to axial load and direct shear. To define normal and shear strain‚ and show how they can be determined for various types of problems. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd In-Class Activities • • • • • • • • Reading Quiz Applications Normal Stress Shear Stress Normal Strain Shear Strain Cartesian Strain Components Concept Quiz Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd READING QUIZ 1. What is the normal
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Biaxial stress & strain Poisson’s ratio σx = E1-v2 (εx + vεy) εx = 1E (σx - vσy) Uniaxial: v = - εyεx σy = E1-v2 (εy + vεx) εy = 1E (σy - vσx) Biaxial: v = E2G - 1 εz = - vE (σx + σy) Triaxial stress & strain
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