Theory X and Theory Y After World War II there were several studies performed that ultimately revealed how assumptions about workers’ attitudes and behaviors affect managers’ behavior. In the 1960s one of the most influential approaches was created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School Of Management. He proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way mangers think but also affect how they behave in organizations. He named these
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criminology related theories that can go as far as to largely account for the reason why terrorism occurs. However‚ there is one school of theory that readily comes to mind when the topic of terrorism is brought up. Strain theory seems
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Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor (1906 - 1964) is one of the forefathers of management theory and one of the top business thinkers of all time. He was a social psychologist who became the President of Antioch College. He later became a professor of management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (he was succeeded by Warren Bennis). His book The Human Side of Enterprise (1960) had a profound influence on the management field‚ largely due to his Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor developed
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Theory X‚ Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential‚ rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y can
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Robert Agnew’s General Strain theory to the city of San Jose in reflection that the theory focuses on three different types of strain that can cause deviant behavior. Agnew’s theory claims that criminal behavior is caused by the various strains and stressors and individual faces in their everyday life. This strains can lead a person to engage in negative emotional responses‚ that lead to criminal behavior (Agnew‚ 1992). Ferguson‚ Bender‚ and Thompson (2016) applied the strain theory to explain the processes
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Robert Agnew published the general strain theory of crime and delinquency in 1992 as an improvement upon previous strain theory arguments proposed by Merton (1938)‚ A. Cohen (1955)‚ and Cloward and Ohlin (1960). The general strain theory explains crime and delinquency at an individual level‚ with a particular focus in social-psychological factors in the individual’s life. Despite the individualized approach‚ general strain theory includes some discussions of implications on the macro-‚ or structural
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Before one can truly try to implement a strain theory based policy‚ one must first be able to understand what the theory entails. Strain theory‚ as defined in criminology‚ involves the social configurations that serve as elements of a society that can influence/force individuals to move towards criminal behavior. This can be subdivided into two forms‚ structural and individual strains. Structural strains are societal processes that have an impact on the way an individual view what he/she has‚ wants
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Pan’s case the strain theory often comes to mind. Robert Agnew believed that strain could explain crime and deviance not due to social class or cultural variables like Robert Merton believed‚ but due to individuals and emotions. The three main aspects of Agnew’s theory are; strain as the failure to achieve positively valued goals‚ strain as the removal of positively valued stimuli from the individual and strain as the presentation of a negative stimuli. Of these three parts strain as the failure
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The GST states that stressors or strains increase the probability of negative emotions like frustration and anger in an individual. These “types of emotions tend to create pressure for counteractive action‚ and crime is one possible response” (Agnew 1992). The crime might be a technique for lessening strain‚ alleviating negative emotions or seeking revenge (e.g.‚ like bad grades). General strain theory (GST) builds on preceding strain theories in more than a few ways: the most notably‚
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Strain Theory is one of the most well known sociological theories‚ the first draft of Strain Theory was written the in 1938 by Robert Merton. The focus of his theory refers to the lack of culture’s norms about what constitutes success and achieving success through legitimate means. Merton’s formulation of anomie became the explanation of the high rates of deviant behavior in the US compared with other countries. He looked into the various types of strain: structural and individual. Structural strain
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