(unconditioned response)‚ is an example of a learned behavior. This belief that only observable behavior should be the main focus of psychology was continued by the works of John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Watson believed that thinking‚ feeling‚ or consciousness should not be considered because it was not observable (Davis and Palladino‚ p. 195). They believed that learning was a permanent change in behavior caused only by environmental factors or consequences. Eventually this theory was disregarded
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relationships. Igby’s non-conformist behaviour is evident through his values and beliefs‚ his appearance‚ wardrobe and lighting present whilst viewing the text. Whereas Holden’s rebellion is demonstrated through symbolism throughout the text‚ stream of consciousness and his ideals. Holden and Igby are both on existential journeys‚ in which they desire to find their place in society. The hypocrisy present in the corresponding texts of The Catcher In The Rye and Igby Goes Down is manifested through Holden’s
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that is happening. Some examples of these devices are syntax (as tied with the stream of consciousness method of narration)‚ point of view‚ and the use of flashback technique. The first device that Morrison uses within the novel is syntax with stream of consciousness narration. In the second part of the book‚ one of the chapters contains no punctuation. This method of writing is better known as stream of consciousness. In this chapter Sethe is the narrator and the reader is reading her thoughts.
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literature.[2][3][4][5] The title derives from Book XI of Homer’s The Odyssey‚ wherein Agamemnon speaks to Odysseus: "As I lay dying‚ the woman with the dog’s eyes would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades." The novel utilizes stream of consciousness writing technique‚ multiple narrators‚ and varying chapter lengths. The book is narrated by 15 different characters over 59 chapters. It is the story of the death of Addie Bundren and her family’s quest and motivations – noble or selfish
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mark which the narrator sees on the wall as she sits smoking cigarettes after tea and what goes on in her mind as she tries to discover what the mark actually is. The story is told in the first person narrative and the writer employs the stream of consciousness narrative technique‚ which allows us to go into the mind of the character. The plot of the story is neither linear like in Allen Poe’s “The Black Cat’’‚ where there is a sequential arrangement of events in the story‚ nor like the non-linear
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Joyce plays a crucial role in the modernist movement in literature. Some of the well known innovative techniques used by Joyce are symbolism‚ realism and stream-of consciousness. James Joyce’s writings contain autobiographical matter and display his view of life in Dublin‚ Ireland with the use of symbolism‚ realism‚ and stream-of consciousness. Joyce was born into a middle-class‚ Catholic family in Dublin‚ Ireland on February 2‚ 1882 and wrote all his works about that city‚ even though he lived
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is not half-past two." ’ and ends with ’ "No‚ thank you‚" said the waiter and went out. ’ In the middle of this second scene is the most interesting portion which Hemingway foregrounds by resorting to the technique of ’Stream of Consciousness’ to dramatise the consciousness and thoughts of the older and lonely waiter who is under tremendous amount of stress because of his realisation of the futility and meaninglessness of old age. It begins with‚ ’ Turning off the electric light he continued the
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nature of pollution‚ with even nature and the human spirit being corrupted: “the light crept up between the shutters and you heard the sparrows in the gutters” and the “sordid images” of the people’s souls. The metaphor of the morning coming to consciousness “of faint stale smells of beer” likens the city to an alcoholic‚ struggling to wake due to a hangover‚ emphasising the sordid nature of the modern landscape. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock also uses the urban landscape to express Eliot’s
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radical disruption of the linear flow of narrative ➢ ironic and ambiguous juxtapositions ➢ a tone of self-mockery ➢ the opposition of inner conscience and public objective ➢ the use of allusion ➢ employment of stream-of-consciousness ➢ giving the image without explaining the meaning (tip of the iceberg) ➢ a rejection of conventional morals and relationships and the normal cause and effect process Modernism 1914 – 1945
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Near to the Wild Heart by Clarice Lispector‚ shows through Joana‚ the main character’s stream of consciousness and the expansiveness of her imagination. Due to her vast mind‚ Joana attempts to deal with her thoughts inside her head. Lispector through Joana challenges the idea of love while still maintaining personal freedom; specifically love and freedom‚ were so frequent and obsessive in Joana’s imagination that she couldn’t suppress these thoughts and eventually acts upon them. Joana‚ her whole
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