Audit Sampling Using Statistical Methods Presented By: Abhishek Agrawal AUDIT SAMPLING • Application of an audit procedure to less than 100% of the items in a population – Account balance – Class of transactions • Examination “on a test basis” • Key: Sample is intended to be representative of the population. APIPA 2009 2 SAMPLING RISK • Possibility that the sample is NOT representative of the population • As a result‚ auditor will reach WRONG conclusion • Decision errors – Type
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religion‚ ethnicity‚ and gender without recognizing that the majority of American society still harbor biases which have been so ingrained that the behavior has become a social norm. One social norm is expressed through gender expectation of what is appropriate for males versus what is appropriate for females. These social norms are starting to be challenged as evident when the New York Times announced in their article by V. Friedman that Jaden Smith‚ a young male‚ will be posing in a skirt for the 2016
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6.2.5 Statistical analysis The values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance using SPSS (version 17) statistical analysis program. Duncan’s post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to determine significant differences among groups. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Liver function tests Liver toxicity markers were assayed to assess hepatic injury. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‚ acid phosphatase
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Project Proposal Statistical Learning and Data Mining Overview: Efficient asset allocation through statistical learning methods and comparison of methods for the creation of an index tracking ETF (Exchange traded fund) Datasets: The datasets are chosen from the website of the book “Statistics and Data Analysis for Financial Engineering” by David Ruppert. The book is mentioned as one of the references for this course. The two data sets chosen are 1. Stock_FX_Bond.csv 2. Stock_FX_Bond_2004_to_2006
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Throughout a story‚ social norms characters act different depending on where they are and if they are comfortable with their surroundings. In the story so far‚ the Pontellier family are spending the summer at Grand Isle‚ and while Leonce is on business trips‚ Edna and Robert’s relationship is becoming stronger and Edna has a neglect for her Children. Depending on where she is‚ Edna’s characteristics tend to develop throughout the book. In The Awakening by Kate Chopin‚ social norms tend to influence the
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Investigation of Systolic and Diastolic deviations in the obese: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and metabolic technique. Obesity is one of the major health issues in developed Western countries‚ especially in the United States of America (Danias‚ 2003). Previous investigations with magnetic resonance imaging have shown that obesity independently alters the structure and systolic/diastolic function of the heart. This has been evaluated with great detail by using cardiovascular magnetic
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Inferences for One Population Standard Deviation The Standard deviation is a measure of the variation (or spread) of a data set. For a variable x‚ the standard deviation of all possible observations for the entire population is called the population standard deviation or standard deviation of the variable x. It is denoted σx or‚ when no confusion will arise‚ simply σ. Suppose that we want to obtain information about a population standard deviation. If the population is small‚ we can often determine
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reinforce them upon others subconsciously without a second thought. Conformity is the foundation of our social norms and it is the only reason why it still exist. When one conforms by acting or displaying one’s self as the public perceives‚ he or she is contributing to a social norm. People in this generation are being taught on how to behave and live their everyday lives based on the social norms that have been formed over time through means of media or older generations. Conformers’ decisions and ideas
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cow to the point where its limbs are swollen‚ and then expect it to plow a field the next day. Yet‚ this is what the slave owners expected from their slaves. In saying this‚ there has been debate about it being the cultural norm‚ and it is true that this is what many of the slave owners would have been raised to do all of their life. This was definitely the norm for the time era‚ but Mary Prince talks about how different slave owners treated her differently. I’m curious if people would discuss how
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Primary Sources from the 17th Century: Weakness and Strengths Not very many accounts have survived from the early Northern Colonies; thus‚ the accounts that have survived are held with great esteem. However‚ primary sources are not always the best things for an historian and students to study if they are wishing to receive a completely accurate and unbiased outline of history. In many cases primary sources‚ such as Words of the Bewitched‚ and Observations of New England Indians‚ are riddled with
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