homogeneity across cultures. The theory of relative face orientation We have discussed that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face-saving politeness theory has been undermined for its inability to be applied universally. In surveying recent studies in cross-cultural communication‚ Mao (1994) mentions Janney and Arndt (1993)‚ who characterise it as idealistic‚ culturally biased‚ and lacking objective empirical evidence for the evaluation of their politeness universals. Instead of a theory centered on universals
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The American Revolution started a decade ago after the Britain’s win in the French and Indian War; to pay off its significant war debts‚ Britain enforced several regulatory measures on the colonies‚ which generated outrage‚ protests‚ and eventually armed resistance from the colonists. First established during the American revolutionary war‚ the Articles of Confederation created a “league of friendship” among the 13 states by vesting them with equal authority in a weak government with only limited
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According to Hobbes behave should be such a way where pain is being avoided and achieve pleasure. No matter what reasons we may give for our conduct‚ there two tendencies are the underlying causes of all behavior. View on Motivation Each and every theory has origin. In motivation there are three perspectives. These are - 1) The traditional approach. 2) The human relation approach. 3) The human resource approach. Human relation approach It’s emphasized on the role of social processes in the
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Topic 6 - The Theory of Consumer Behavior – the theory of utility • The theory of consumer behaviour may be analysed by either utility theory and / or indifference curve analysis. • Note: this course only requires students to be aware of utility theory. Indifference curve analysis is undertaken in year 2 and is not a requirement of this course Basic Principles of the theory of Consumer Behaviour • Consumers are rational optimisers • Consumers seek to maximise total utility • Utility is achieved
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Being reliable means to be able to be trusted. There are very few reliable people in this world. Thomas Spears exhibits great characteristics of being reliable. If asked any questions‚ you can count on him to think of a clever response. He can be trusted with important information. Thomas Spears can also be relied on for support. Thomas can be relied on for questions‚ related to sports and music. For instance‚ at the start of the basketball preseason‚ people were very curious about which team drafted
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Theories of Motivation Motivation: “The process that account for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” Motivation is the result of the interaction of the individual and the situation.Individuals differ in their basic motivational drive.The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times. EARLY THEOREIS OF MOTIVATION 1950’s: These three theories are: Hierarchy of needs theory Theories X
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study influenced the creation of the procedures that are now accepted as common practice in focus groups. Although this particular method possesses a substantial number of strengths‚ focus groups also occupy a number of weaknesses that disadvantage the researcher and limit findings which can be discussed in relevance to theories. Firstly‚ Dawn Snape and Liz Spencer (2003‚ p.3) propose that it is important to define the practice of qualitative data before discussing the implications of it. They also
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many others. Even though Antony refers to Brutus as “the most noble Roman of them all‚” it is clear that he has many more flaws than strengths. Caesar is the only noble character as portrayed throughout the play. Even though he is overambitious‚ he shows selflessness and generosity. This paper discusses Caesar as the noblest man in relation to his strengths and weaknesses. Caesar’s selfless nature qualifies him to be the only character who is noble. This is seen when he goes to the Capitol
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What is Motivation? Buchanan defines motivation as follows: "Motivation is a decision-making process‚ through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes and sets in motion the behaviour appropriate to them". How does motivation differ from "motives" Buchanan defines motives as: "learned influences on human behaviour that lead us to pursue particular goals because they are valued". Motivation can therefore be thought of as the degree to which an individual wants AND chooses to engage in certain
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1. What is a scientific theory? Please cite a definition you like. As Watson stated in "The Value of Theories"‚ a scientific theory is a systematic explanation that unifies various observed phenomena and facts. Based on observations we make‚ science operates under theories which are constantly revised and checked by experiment. A scientific theory also possesses many vital qualities for true understanding. 2. What is the difference between a scientific theory and common sense ideas about the same
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