It is important to keep paid-in capital separate from earned capital because they are completely different numbers. The stockholders’ equity section of a corporation’s balance sheet includes paid-in capital and retained earnings. The distinction between paid-in capital and retained earnings is important from a legal and an economic point of view. Paid-in capital is the amount paid in to the corporation by stockholders in exchange for shares of ownership. Retained earnings are earned capital held
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EDUCATIONAL EQUITY AND PUBLIC POLICY: COMPARING RESULTS FROM 16 COUNTRIES By Joel D. Sherman and Jeffrey M. Poirier UNESCO Institute for Statistics‚ Montreal‚ 2007 UNESCO The constitution of the United Nations Educational‚ Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was adopted by 20 countries at the London Conference in November 1945 and entered into effect on 4 November 1946. The Organization currently has 191 Member States and six Associate Members. The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute
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An Application of Equity Theory to Buyer-Seller Exchange Situations The theory of cognitive dissonance posits that when an individual ’s cognitive elements are inconsistent with each other‚ a state of cognitive dissonance exists [15‚ 27]. Also‚ it is assumed that when such a condition is present an individual develops a need to restore equilibrium [15‚ 27]. Dissonance may be aroused from various sources: decision making‚ forced compliance‚ exposure to dissonant information‚ and disagreement
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explore the importance of Brand Equity and any of the associated metrics. Brand Equity is the differential effect that knowing the brand name has on customer response to the product or its marketing. America Marketing Association has given a definition of brand equity‚ it suggests that “The value of a brand. From a consumer perspective‚ brand equity is based on consumer attitudes about positive brand attributes and favorable consequences of brand use.” Brand equity is a critical marketing component
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Equity and equity based financial assets What is equity? Equity is ownership interest in a corporation in the form of common stock or preferred stock. It is also total assets minus total liabilities; here also called shareholder’s equity or net worth or book value. In real estate: it is the difference between what a property is worth and what the owner owes against that property (i.e. the difference between the house value and the remaining mortgage or loan payments on a house). What is a financial
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Brand equity Brand equityis a phraseused in the marketing industry which describe the value of having a well-known brand name‚ based on the idea that the owner of a well-known brand name can generate more money from products with that brand name than from products with a less well known name‚ as consumers believe that a product with a well-known name is better than products with less well known names.[1][2][3][4] Another word for "brand equity" is "brand value". Some marketing researchers have
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Equity Maxims 1. He who comes to equity must come with clean hands * D&C Builders v Rees – Lord Denning. A small building firm did some work on the house of a couple named Rees. The bill came to £732‚ of which the Rees had already paid £250. When the builders asked for the balance of £482‚ the Rees announced that the work was defective and they were only prepared to pay £300. As the builders were in serious financial difficulties‚ they reluctantly accepted the £300 “ in completion of the
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Page Introduction 3 What is Brand Equity? Role of Brands The Scope of Branding Theoretical Perspectives 4 Brand Equity Models Brand Asset Valuator Brand Resonance Pyramid Building Brand Equity Measuring Brand Equity Managing Brand Equity Conclusion
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Weak is most nearly defined as lacking strength‚ deficient in physical vigor‚ not able to sustain or exert much weight‚ pressure‚ or strain. In retrospect‚ strength is defined as capacity for exertion or endurance‚ power to resist force‚ an inherent asset. The two inform one another‚ without weakness strength is not tested and without strength weakness may cease to be defied. The trouble‚ however‚ is that two are so closely intertwined one can be mistaken for the other. To bring such a flaw in thought
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Law and Equity Essay (a) Outline the development of common law and equity. There was no system of law in England and Wales before 1066‚ as it was mainly based on customs which were just rules of behaviour and the other used to be the decisions of judges. The law in England and Wales built over the centuries. There were various methods of creating laws which were called “sources of law”. However‚ in the 18th Century Parliament became more powerful which lead the Acts of Parliament (statues) to
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