Neisseria meningitidis‚ also known by meningococcus‚ is a gram-negative bacterium that infects the meninges of the brain. It was first observed in 1884 inside cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) by Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli. It was discovered a few years later in 1887 that Neisseria meningitidis was the cause of Meningococcal meningitis. The bacteria cause inflammation of the meninges‚ several layers of tissue that protect the brain‚ called the dura mater‚ pia mater‚ and arachnoid mater. The dura
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different ingredients and served with different sauces. During fermentation pH (the acidity) of the batter decreases from 4.4 to 3.3‚ but so does nitrogen and free sugar. The main bacteria involved are Lactobaccillus fermentum‚ L. buchneri‚ Streptococcus lactis‚ S faecalis. METHOD OF PREPARATION Typical jalebi is made with a type of wheat flour called maida flour. This is fine ground flour which can be substituted with pastry flour in the US. Saffron is key to preparing jalebi to get the yellow
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(able to naturally take up extracellular DNA). There are several techniques that can make cells artificially competent‚ some of which will be discussed later. Bacterial transformation was discovered by Frederick Griffith‚ in his experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Griffith’s experiment involved the non-pathogenic rough strain (R strain) and the pathogenic smooth strain (S strain) of S. pneumoniae. The R strain was injected into live mice‚ and since it was the non-pathogenic strain‚ the mice continued
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Gram Stain: Gram is an empirical method to distinguish the species of bacteria into two groups Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on the physicochemical properties of the cells. First‚ a smear was prepared by use a sterile transfer loop that been flamed to removes some bacteria from slant agar and placed on the slide; mixed with one drop of water and let air dried. After dried‚ heat fixation the slide by passed the slide over a flame quickly 2-3 times to stick bacteria to the slide. Next‚ the
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notatum; in which it was clear. It seemed as if the mold had something in it that inhabited the bacterial growth. Fleming soon called this “mold juice.” He noticed that it was capable of killing a variety of harmful bacteria. These bacteria included streptococcus‚ meningococcal‚ and diphtheria bacillus. In due time trying to extract penicillin-incentive bacteria from penicillin sensitive bacteria; however this soon failed and the process was tried again. The discovery of how this drug was life saving happened
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history of hypertension‚ atrial fibrillation‚ and previous cerebrovascular event. Initial examination of the right leg‚ affected worse‚ is seen in [Figure 1] Further investigations revealed white cell count of 29.5 and growth of β-haemolytic Group C streptococcus; intravenous flucloxacillin and benzylpenicillin were immediately commenced. He underwent surgical debridement with unsatisfactory outcome [Figure 2] He was commenced on biological debridement therapy using contained maggot therapy. The improvement
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includes all the materials and procedures that were properly followed to gather the needed information and necessary data for the study. A. Sources of Test Organisms The bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus‚ Escherichia coli and Streptococcus) used in the experiment were obtained from Institute of Biological Science‚ University of the Philippines Los Baños‚ Laguna. B. Maintenance of Microbial Cultures Bacterial isolated were subculture on slants of Nutrient Agar (NA). Incubation
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bacteria that may live as individual cells‚ or pair up to form chains or bunches. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are the most common bacteria in this group and usually are Gram-positive. These bacteria perform useful functions in the body and environment but they can be harmful. Staphylococcus aureus can cause impetigo (skin infection)‚ scalded skin syndrome and food poisoning‚ while Streptococcus pyogenes may cause tonsillitis and strep throat. Bacillus Bacillus refers to rod shaped bacteria that
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Harmful Habits & Infectious Disease Prevention Managing health and wellness is largely dependent upon our knowledge of controllable and uncontrollable risk factors that exist amongst people and within our environment. Our overall ability to maximize our level of wellness revolves around the choices made on a daily basis including our actions and our diets. In order to take our health seriously‚ we must learn to come to terms with the harmful effects of our decisions as well as the occasion of factors
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Microbiology Study Guide Chapters 1-6 Chapter 1 Main Themes of Microbiology Microorganisms Most are not Pathogens Prokaryotic-no nucleus or organelles Very simplistic—like bacteria Eukaryotic-has nucleus and organelles like mitochondria Includes fungus‚ and animals Acellular-not even a complete cell Includes viruses and prions like those that cause Mad Cow disease Six main types of microorganisms Bacterium (prokaryotic) Fungus (eukaryotic) Algae (eukaryotic) Virus (acellular)
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