Definition of Psychology Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes. * Science * Attempt to understand people by thinking critically about careful‚ controlled observations. * Behavior * Refers to all of a person’s overt actions that can be directly observed. * Mental Processes * Refers to the private thoughts‚ emotions‚ feelings‚ and motives that other people can not directly observe. Goals of Psychology (4) * Describe: Identifying and classifying
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8/12/2010 Chapter 1 A Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Sarah is walking across campus. She stops for a moment to talk with a friend about the movie they saw last night‚ but can’t talk to long‚ because she has an appointment with her advisor to plan her schedule for next term‚ so she says goodbye and heads off in the direction of her advisor’s office. 1 8/12/2010 In these brief few moments Sarah has used 5 different cognitive processes Perception Attention Memory Language
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better know as (APA) he was also elected the first president. Structuralism relies on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related. Introspection is the careful systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience. It requires training to make the subject or the person being studied more objective and more aware. Functionalism is based on the theory that psychology should investigate the function
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There are many schools of thought; these are just a few of them. One of the first schools of thought in psychology was Structuralism. Structuralism was advocated by William Wundt‚ who is known as the first founder of the psychology lab. “Structuralism focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components.” (Cherry‚ 2012) One of the main focuses of structuralism was on reducing mental processes down into their most basic elements. “…techniques such as introspection were used to
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Donnie Millang Psych August 30‚ 2012 Chapter 1- The Science of Psychology What it means to be a psychologist Overview: 1. What is psychology 2. The growth of psychology as a science 3. Major trends in the development of psychology What is Psychology? -Psychology: the scientific study of the causes of behavior A. Why is behavior studied a. To understand human behavior b. To explain why people do what they do *If behavior has laws we can study and control those
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Historical Foundation of Psychology Functional vs. Structural Psychology Although the philosophic underpinnings of modern psychology are important‚ and surely are necessary for a complete understanding of the development of the academic discourse in psychology‚ I will not undertake to elucidate the distant ancestors of our field. I must justify this position. I certainly believe that the Greek and later philosophers set patterns such as Socratic methodology‚ and the belief that the world is an
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and physiology. But thanks to a German man named‚ Wilhelm Wundt‚ psychology became an independent field of its own. Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of experimental psychology and structuralism. He stressed how important the use of scientific methods in psychology was‚ mostly through the use of introspection. Functionalism focuses on the acts and functions of the mind rather than its internal contents. William James is the author of the book‚ “Principals of Biology”. It is considered to be one of the
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problem with behaviorism? a. Not all learning comes from direct rewards b. Operant conditioning was not a valid form of learning c. Behaviorist methods were subjective d. None of the above 2. Which learning mechanism is based on rewarding and punishing voluntary behavior? a. Classical Conditioning b. Constructivism c. Rehearsal d. Operant conditioning 3. Which psychological theory maintains that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? a. Associationism b. Behaviorism c. Gestalt
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Alfred Binet * Simon-Binet Intelligence Scale * Stanford-Binet IQ Test Birth: Alfred Binet was born July 8‚ 1857 in Nice. Death: Alfred Binet died on October 18‚ 1911. Alfred Binet’s Early Life: Alfred Binet was born Alfredo Binetti. His father‚ a physician‚ and his mother‚ an artist‚ divorced when he was young and Binet then moved to Paris with his mother. After graduating from law school in 1878‚ Binet initially planned to follow in his father’s footsteps and enroll in medical school
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knowledge base 3. Applied research- scientific study that aims to solve practical problems 4. Structuralism- theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts ad sensation 5. Gestalt Psychology- Psychological perspective that emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. 6. Functionalism- Theory that emphasized the functions of consciousness or the ways consciousness helps people adapt
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